2020
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01421-0
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Biomarkers for traumatic brain injury: a short review

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Cited by 11 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…In accordance with previous reports, TBI patients presented common abnormalities of brain morphology despite heterogeneity in injury severity and mechanisms, extent of focal insults, and time since injury [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Despite widespread atrophy across the cortical and subcortical regions, only a relatively small subset of this pattern of damage–mainly in the left inferior temporal gyrus and medial temporal lobe, supplementary motor area, thalamus, and ACC–were highly implicated in the post-traumatic cognitive impairment and psychiatric complaints.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In accordance with previous reports, TBI patients presented common abnormalities of brain morphology despite heterogeneity in injury severity and mechanisms, extent of focal insults, and time since injury [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Despite widespread atrophy across the cortical and subcortical regions, only a relatively small subset of this pattern of damage–mainly in the left inferior temporal gyrus and medial temporal lobe, supplementary motor area, thalamus, and ACC–were highly implicated in the post-traumatic cognitive impairment and psychiatric complaints.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…t-tau, NAA, αII-spectrin, GSH and NSE are all expressed in or associated with neurons and axons 83,173,212,249 , and their release after TBI therefore suggests neuronal and axonal damage 121,235 , such as retinal ganglion loss and RNFL thinning 119,123,[161][162][163] . NAA, NSE and GFAP are also associated with inflammation 185,206,233 , which is also an ocular response to TBI, particularly within the ON 111,123,166 . Disproving CSF compartmentalisation would suggest the possibility of biomarker detection in the CSF such as, the GFAP 40,173,203 , UCHL1 40,61 , S100B 61,196 , αII-spectrin 188 , and MicroRNAs 189 , in the retrolaminar CSF (behind the ON head) and potentially in the eye.…”
Section: 3mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies have identified elevated levels in plasma after mild to moderate injuries (Figure 5a), as early as 1-hour post-injury, associated with axonal damage and DAI 170,172 . UCHL1 is sensitive to patients with positive CT scans and unfavourable outcomes 181,185,210 , but has low specificity, in the CSF, blood, peripheral nervous system, limiting its utility 66,211 . αII-spectrin is a cytoskeleton protein in axons and presynaptic terminals 212 .…”
Section: 1mentioning
confidence: 99%
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