Biomarkers for theranostics of cervical cancer

Abstract

Аннотация. В настоящее время рак шейки матки остается одной из главных причин смертности женщин от онкологических заболеваний. Применяемые сегодня в клинической практике критерии диагностики рака шейки матки имеют ряд ограничений в отношении точности постановки диагноза, возможности прогнозирования течения заболевания и не позволяют учитывать индивидуальный статус пациентки. Для преодоления этих недостатков необходимы разработка и внедрение в клинику новых методов молекулярно-генетической и биохимической диагностики, основанной на анализе изменений экспрессии тканевых биомаркеров.Ключевые слова: биомаркеры, тераностика, диагностические тест-системы, рак шейки матки.

Cervical Carcinoma: Oncobiology and Biomarkers

“…HPV DNA, E6/E7 mRNA p53, Rb, p16INK4a, telomerase RNA gene (TERC), serum SCC-Ag, OCVA1 [8,[10][11][12][13]15,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Markers of cell cycle and proliferation Ki-67, cyclin D1, p53, p63 [12,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Markers of apoptosis P53, BCL-2, BCL-XL, BAX [10,27,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Expression of cytokeratins-markers of differentiation CK7, CK8, CK17, CK19 [27,36,37,[45][46][47][48][49] Markers of cell adhesion, invasion and metastasis E-cadherin, P-cadherin, CD44, ADAM9, MT1-MMP, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MT1-MMP, MMP-2, MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-14, proMMP-14 furin, gelatinase, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 [27,[50][51][52]…”

“…Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in most neoplastic lesions of the cervix are based on molecular mechanisms associated with HPV infection [10,11,13]. Clinically significant markers of HPV-mediated oncogenesis are used in the following methods: determination of virus by PCR methods, assessment of viral load, detection of E6/E7 mRNA, p16INK4a methylation, p53, Rb and p16INK4a, other cell cycle biomarkers, proliferation and apoptosis, determined by immunohistochemistry [11,21,22,27]. The most widely used and well-studied biomarkers are HPV DNA in cervical epithelial cells and the immunohistochemically detectable expression of the p16INK4a protein, which is directly related to HPV oncogenic risk and Ki-67, which is a proliferation marker [10][11][12].…”

“…Despite the huge progress that has been made in the screening and management of women with HPV-associated cervical pathology, there is still a need for clinically reliable biomarkers to further improve the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of cervical carci-nomas [8,10,21,22]. An important role in clinical pathology and oncologic morphology is given to immunohistochemical methods aimed at solving diagnostic problems and searching for new prognostic and predictive factors.…”