Biomarkers for Precision Treatment in Gastric Cancer

Petrillo, Angelica; Smyth, Elizabeth

doi:10.1159/000510489

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The majority of the evidence available in the literature came from testing HER2 in gastric cancer. In this tumor, in fact, HER2 overexpression is observed in nearly a quarter of the patients, according to the histological tumor type and the primary tumor location [24]. In contrast to breast cancer, HER2 heterogeneity is more common in GI cancers as shown in some studies.…”

Section: Her2 Assessment In Gi Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Role of Her-2 in Gastrointestinal Tumours beyond Gastric Cancer: A Tool for Precision Medicine

Lengyel

Habeeb

Khan³

et al. 2020

GastrointestDisord

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Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors account for a quarter of all the cancer burden and a third of the global cancer-related mortality. Among them, some cancers retain a dismal prognosis; therefore, newer and innovative therapies are urgently needed in priority disease areas of high-unmet medical need. In this context, HER2 could be a relevant prognostic and predictive biomarker acting as a target for specific drugs. However, if the role of HER2 has been object of investigation for several years in gastric cancer, it is not well established in other GI malignancies. The aim of this narrative review was to portray the current landscape of the potential role of HER2 as a predictive biomarker for GI tumors beyond gastric cancer. In colon cancer, the benefit from anti-HER2 therapies is less clear than in gastric neoplasms for the lack of controlled studies. Pancreatic, biliary tract adenocarcinomas and hepatocarcinoma may derive a less clear clinical benefit by using anti-HER2 agents in HER2 positive tumors. Overall, the results are promising and seem to suggest that the integration of multiple modalities of therapies can optimize the cancer care. However, further prospective trials are needed to validate the use of personalized targeted therapies in this field.

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Section: Her2 Assessment In Gi Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Role of Her-2 in Gastrointestinal Tumours beyond Gastric Cancer: A Tool for Precision Medicine

Lengyel

Habeeb

Khan³

et al. 2020

GastrointestDisord

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“…The results from studies using immune checkpoint inhibitors in first-line treatment for metastatic GC are promising. However, it is not yet entirely clear which patients benefit the most from immunotherapy due to the lack of reliable, validated predictive biomarkers to guide the treatment choice for patients with GC [ 109 ]. Therefore, the search for new biomarkers as well as a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to immunotherapy is urgently needed.…”

Section: Immunotherapy: From Landmark Trials To Clinical Practice mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Best Exploit Immunotherapeutics in Advanced Gastric Cancer: Between Biomarkers and Novel Cell-Based Approaches

Ghidini

Petrillo²,

Botticelli

et al. 2021

JCM

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Despite extensive research efforts, advanced gastric cancer still has a dismal prognosis with conventional treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for many solid tumors. Amongst gastric cancer subtypes, tumors with microsatellite instability and Epstein Barr Virus positive tumors provide the strongest rationale for responding to immunotherapy. Various predictive biomarkers such as mismatch repair status, programmed death ligand 1 expression, tumor mutational burden, assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and circulating biomarkers have been evaluated. However, results have been inconsistent due to different methodologies and thresholds used. Clinical implementation therefore remains a challenge. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer is emerging with data from monotherapy in the heavily pre-treated population already available and studies in earlier disease settings with different combinatorial approaches in progress. Immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations with chemotherapy (CT), anti-angiogenics, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-Her2 directed therapy, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or dual checkpoint inhibitor strategies are being explored. Moreover, novel strategies including vaccines and CAR T cell therapy are also being trialed. Here we provide an update on predictive biomarkers for response to immunotherapy with an overview of their strengths and limitations. We discuss clinical trials that have been reported and trials in progress whilst providing an account of future steps needed to improve outcome in this lethal disease.

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“…However, so far, these molecular classifications have not been applied diffusely in the everyday clinical practice. Additionally, there is still a lack of validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in GC able to guide the choice of a tailored treatment for each patient [ 15 ]. Therefore, the treatment algorithm for metastatic GC is often painted according to the patient’s (age, PS, comorbidities, and nutritional assessment) or tumor’s (tumor burden, symptomatic disease, metastatic sites) characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Metastases from Gastric Cancer: What We Know and How to Deal with Them

Petrillo

Giunta

Pappalardo

et al. 2021

JCM

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Gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide; the prognosis is poor especially in the case of metastatic disease. Liver, lymph nodes, peritoneum, and lung are the most frequent sites of metastases from GC; however, bone metastases from GC have been reported in the literature. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the metastatic sites may affect the prognosis. In particular, knowledge about the impact of bone metastases on GC patients’ outcome is scant, and this may be related to the rarity of bone lesions and/or their underestimation at the time of diagnosis. In fact, there is still a lack of specific recommendation for their detection at the diagnosis. Then, the majority of the evidences in this field came from retrospective analysis on very heterogeneous study populations. In this context, the aim of this narrative review is to delineate an overview about the evidences existing about bone metastases in GC patients, focusing on their incidence and biology, the prognostic role of bone involvement, and their possible implication in the treatment choice.

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Biomarkers for Precision Treatment in Gastric Cancer

Cited by 14 publications

References 74 publications

Role of Her-2 in Gastrointestinal Tumours beyond Gastric Cancer: A Tool for Precision Medicine

Role of Her-2 in Gastrointestinal Tumours beyond Gastric Cancer: A Tool for Precision Medicine

How to Best Exploit Immunotherapeutics in Advanced Gastric Cancer: Between Biomarkers and Novel Cell-Based Approaches

Bone Metastases from Gastric Cancer: What We Know and How to Deal with Them

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