Biomarkers for hepatitis B virus replication: an overview and a look to the future

Li, Feng-Cai; Li, Yuekai; Yong-sheng, Fan

doi:10.1080/17474124.2020.1815530

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…33 Median HBsAg level usually differs in the different phases of chronic HBV infection, and HBsAg level was highest in the immune tolerant phase. 34 Previous studies found that the HBV itself might contribute to dysfunction of the kidney and active immune response to the HBV. [35][36][37] Therefore, patients in the immune tolerance stages might be at lower risk for incidence of CKD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Hospital-based Case-control Study from China

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

J Clin Transl Hepatol

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Background and Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) usually occurs during the chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the risk factors of CKD in an HBV population have not been completely demonstrated. Our present study aimed to investigate the risk factors of CKD in chronic HBV infection using a hospital based cross-sectional study in the northern area of China. Methods: During January 2013 to December 2017, a total of 94 patients with CKD complicated by chronic HBV infection were consecutively enrolled in the study, as well as 548 age-and sex-matched hepatitis B patients without CKD who were enrolled as controls. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the effects of each variable after adjusting for cofounding factors. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that HBeAg-positive status (odds ratio [OR]=2.099, 95% CI 1.128-3.907), dyslipidemia (OR: 3.025, 95% CI 1.747-5.239), and hypertension (OR: 12.523, 95% CI 6.283-24.958) were independently associated with the incidence of CKD, while duration of HBV infection (≥240 months) (OR: 0.401, 95% CI 0.179-0.894), Log 10 HBsAg (OR: 0.514, 95% CI 0.336-0.786), and coronary heart disease (OR: 0.078, 95% CI 0.008-0.768) were protective factors for the incidence of CKD. Duration of HBV infection, Log 10 HBsAg, HBeAg-positive status and dyslipidemia remained the risk factors for CKD after adjusting for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Conclusions: Duration of HBV infection, Log 10 HBsAg, HBeAg-positive status and dyslipidemia contributed to the incidence of CKD during chronic HBV infection in a Chinese population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Hospital-based Case-control Study from China

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

J Clin Transl Hepatol

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“…[106][107][108] There are four known dynamic stages of CHB: immune tolerance stage, immune clearance stage, inactive HBsAg stage and reactivation of HBV stage. 109 There are unmet issues that should be resolved such as exact regulation of HBV markers in the stage of HBV reactivation for HBeAg-negative patients. 109 We believe it will be helpful to develop novel immunodiagnostic methods by enhancing knowledge related to the host-virus interaction.…”

Section: B R and Ne W Immunod Iag Nos Ti C S Of Hbv Infec Ti Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…109 There are unmet issues that should be resolved such as exact regulation of HBV markers in the stage of HBV reactivation for HBeAg-negative patients. 109 We believe it will be helpful to develop novel immunodiagnostic methods by enhancing knowledge related to the host-virus interaction.…”

Section: B R and Ne W Immunod Iag Nos Ti C S Of Hbv Infec Ti Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in chronic hepatitis, the function and presence of HBV‐specific T cells (CD8 and CD4 T cells) are compromised by exhaustion phenomena caused by persistent presentation of HBV antigens 106‐108 . There are four known dynamic stages of CHB: immune tolerance stage, immune clearance stage, inactive HBsAg stage and reactivation of HBV stage 109 . There are unmet issues that should be resolved such as exact regulation of HBV markers in the stage of HBV reactivation for HBeAg‐negative patients 109 .…”

Section: Brand New Immunodiagnostics Of Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current laboratory tests for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection

Lee

Kim

2021

Int J Clinical Practice

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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a long history in human infectious diseases. HBV infection can progress chronically, leading to cancer. After introduction of a vaccine, the overall incidence rate of HBV infection has decreased, although it remains a health problem in many countries. Purpose The aim of this review was to summarise current diagnostic efforts for HBV infection and future HBV diagnosis perspectives. Methods We reviewed and summarised current laboratory diagnosis related with HBV infection in clinical practice. Results There have been various serologic‐ and molecular‐based methods to diagnose acute or chronic HBV infection. Since intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNAs (cccDNAs) function as robust HBV replication templates, cure of chronic HBV infection is limited. Recently, new biomarkers such as hepatitis B virus core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) and HBV RNA have emerged that appear to reflect intrahepatic cccDNA status. These new biomarkers should be validated before clinical usage. Conclusion An effective diagnostic approach and current updated knowledge of treatment response monitoring are important for HBV infection management. Brand new ultrasensitive and accurate immunologic methods may pave the way to manage HBV infection in parallel with immunotherapy era.

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“…Elevated ALT levels can suggest ongoing liver inflammation, which may be associated with HBV reactivation. 106 It’s important to note that the interpretation of these biomarkers should consider the individual’s medical history, the specific context of their treatment (e.g. immunosuppressive therapy) and the established cutoffs or thresholds for reactivation defined by clinical guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus/Hepatitis B virus coinfection: Current prospectives

Maqsood,

Sumrin,

Iqbal

et al. 2023

Antiviral Therapy

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In endemic areas, hepatitis C virus (HCV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection is common, and patients with coinfection have a higher risk of developing liver disease such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In such cases, HCV predominates, and HBV replication is suppressed by HCV. HCV core proteins and interferons that are activated by HCV are responsible for the suppression of HBV. Immunosuppression is also seen in patients with HCV and HBV coinfections. A decrease in HCV-neutralizing antibody response and circulation of Th1-like Tfh cells is observed in patients with HCV and HBV coinfection. Both viruses interacted in the liver, and treatment of HCV/HBV coinfection is genotype-based and complex due to the interaction of both viruses. In HCV-dominant cases, direct-acting antiviral drugs and peg interferon plus ribavirin are used for the treatment, with continuous monitoring of AST and ALT. HBV-dominant cases are less common and are treated with peg interferon and nucleoside nucleotide analogues with monitoring of AST and ALT. The SVR rate in HCV-HBV coinfection is higher than that in monoinfection when treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs. But there is a risk of reactivation of HBV during and after therapy. The rate of reactivation is lower in patients treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs as compared to those treated with peg interferon plus ribavirin. Biomarkers of HBV such as HBcrAg, HBV DNA and HBVpg RNA are not effective in the prediction of HBV reactivation; only the hepatitis B surface antigen titre can be used as a biomarker for HBV reactivation. HCV can also be reactive, but this is found in very rare cases in which HBV is present and is treated first.

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Biomarkers for hepatitis B virus replication: an overview and a look to the future

Cited by 7 publications

References 88 publications

Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Hospital-based Case-control Study from China

Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Hospital-based Case-control Study from China

Current laboratory tests for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis C virus/Hepatitis B virus coinfection: Current prospectives

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