Biomarkers for assessment of intestinal permeability in clinical practice

Seethaler, Benjamin; Basrai, Maryam; Neyrinck, Audrey M.; Nazare, Julie‐Anne; Walter, Jens; Bischoff, Stephan C.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2021

Cited by 97 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Free intake of feed containing SRP increased the expression of the antibacterial peptide Reg3γ in the cecum, suggesting that the intestinal barrier function, especially the chemical barrier, was enhanced in the mice. Indeed, the blood LBP level, a major marker of intestinal barrier failure (25)(26)(27), was significantly decreased in the SRP group. This indicated that SRP intake suppressed the invasion of microbes from the intestine into the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Soybean Resistant Protein-Containing Diet Increased the Production of Reg3γ Through the Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Enhanced the Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice

et al. 2021

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The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is necessary for a good quality of life, and strengthening of the intestinal barrier function is thus an important issue. Therefore, we focused on soybean resistant protein (SRP) derived from kori-tofu (freeze-dried tofu), which is a traditional Japanese food, as a functional food component. In this study, to investigate the effect of SRP on the intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota, we conducted an SRP free intake experiment in mice. Results showed that ingestion of SRP decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and induced the expression of Reg3γ, thereby improving the intestinal barrier function. In addition, SRP intake induced changes in the cecal microbiota, as observed by changes in β-diversity. In particular, in the microbiota, the up-regulation of functional gene pathways related to the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells (ko05100) was observed, suggesting that Reg3γ expression was induced by the direct stimulation of epithelial cells. The results of this study suggest that SRP is a functional food component that may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Soybean Resistant Protein-Containing Diet Increased the Production of Reg3γ Through the Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Enhanced the Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice

et al. 2021

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“…Fecal zonulin and plasma LBP, two recently validated markers for intestinal permeability [32], were examined after consumption of PT, FO, and fish. Neither the fecal zonulin nor the plasma LBP were negatively affected by PT consumption or any of the other challenges.…”

Section: Gut Barrier Function and Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Carotenoids from the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Healthy Young Adults

et al. 2021

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The microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) contains valuable nutrients such as proteins, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and some docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids such as fucoxanthin (FX), and beta-glucans, which may confer health benefits. In a randomized intervention trial involving 22 healthy individuals, we administered for two weeks in a crossover manner the whole biomass of PT (5.3 g/day), or fish oil (FO) containing equal amounts of EPA and DHA (together 300 mg/day). In an additional experiment, sea fish at 185 g/week resulting in a similar EPA and DHA intake was administered in nine individuals. We determined the bioavailability of fatty acids and carotenoids and assessed safety parameters. The intake of PT resulted in a similar increase in the n-3 PUFA and EPA content and a decrease in the PUFA n-6:n-3 ratio in plasma. PT intake caused an uptake of FX that is metabolized to fucoxanthinol (FXOH) and amarouciaxanthin A (AxA). No relevant adverse effects occurred following PT consumption. The study shows that PT is a safe and effective source of EPA and FX—and likely other nutrients—and therefore should be considered as a future sustainable food item.

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“…At the same time, they showed increased LBP and I-FABP levels indicating more bacterial translocation and 'leaky gut' [56]. Furthermore, increased intestinal permeability in non-obese males with OSA (as compared to non-OSA subjects) showed significant associations with inflammatory mediators (serum IL-1β) [53], and zonulin levels in OSA patients correlated positively with some metabolic, inflammation and hepatic parameters [6]. Interestingly, OSAS children showed increased severity of inflammation and gut barrier damage-related strains as compared to healthy population [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Intestinal permeability will be assessed as surrogate biomarkers, i.e., zonulin, calprotectin, LPB and I-FABP concentration in blood serum. It has been shown that biomarkers from blood samples were associated with the cumbersome established tests of intestinal permeability throughout different cohorts [53]. Of SCFAs butyric, propionic and acetic acids level will be measured.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, recent studies have uncovered that psychological stress, including depression and suicidality, is associated with increased intestinal permeability [38,[48][49][50][51][52]. Several biomarkers of this condition have been used, e.g., zonulin, calprotectin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) or intestinal-fatty acids binding protein (I-FABP) [53]. Generally, in patients suffering from a severe mental illness and chronic fatigue, a meta-analysis revealed increased levels of zonulin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), antibodies against endotoxin, soluble CD14, LBP and, alpha-1-antitripsin as compared to controls [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Leaky Gut” as a Keystone of the Connection between Depression and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome? A Rationale and Study Design

et al. 2022

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depression are highly comorbid. Immune alterations, oxidative stress or microbiota dysfunction have been proposed as some mechanisms underlying this association. The aim of the proposed study is to assess the severity and profile of OSA and depressive symptoms in the context of serum microbiota metabolites, biomarkers of intestinal permeability, inflammation and oxidative stress in adult patients diagnosed with OSA syndrome. The study population consists of 200 subjects. An apnoea-hypopnoea index ≥ 5/hour is used for the diagnosis. Depressive symptoms are assessed with Beck Depression Inventory. Measured serum markers are: tumour necrosis factor–alpha and interleukin-6 for inflammation, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentration for oxidative stress, zonulin, calprotectin, lipopolisaccharide-binding protein and intestinal fatty acids-binding protein for intestinal permeability. All of the above will be measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Associations between clinical symptoms profile and severity and the above markers levels will be tested. It would be valuable to seek for overlap indicators of depression and OSA to create this endophenotype possible biomarkers and form new prophylactic or therapeutic methods. The results may be useful to establish a subpopulation of patients sensitive to microbiota therapeutic interventions (probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota transplantation).

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Biomarkers for assessment of intestinal permeability in clinical practice

Cited by 97 publications

References 33 publications

A Soybean Resistant Protein-Containing Diet Increased the Production of Reg3γ Through the Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Enhanced the Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice

A Soybean Resistant Protein-Containing Diet Increased the Production of Reg3γ Through the Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Enhanced the Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice

Oral Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Carotenoids from the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Healthy Young Adults

“Leaky Gut” as a Keystone of the Connection between Depression and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome? A Rationale and Study Design

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