Biomarkers, Biocatalysts, or Pathology Conditions to Evaluate Potential History of Liver Disease such as Cancer

Abstract

Previous publications reported that around 1.5 million individuals suffer from chronic liver disease. Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of related death worldwide. A recent study in Isfahan province, Iran confirmed a period prevalence (2013-2015) of 18.5 per 100000 persons associated with liver cancer (comprise of 20.9 for males and 16.8 for females). It is well known that different available screening methods could reduce the burden of liver disease and liver cancer. This is a focused literature review with the keywords relevant to; Biomarkers" " Biocatalyst " "Pathology" "Potential History" "Liver Disease" and "Liver Cancer", based on the search associated with the topic of interest in; Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. For hepatocellular carcinoma, early detection ultrasound-based surveillance was reported as 45%. Alpha-fetoprotein-Lens culinaris-agglutinin-reactive and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin with abdominal ultrasound could increase the sensitivity of early detection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. A raised neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is considered a prognostic indicator for patients with cancer. Serum alanine aminotransferase for predicting progression associated with chronic liver disease was reported as a more sensitive and robust marker. For estimating the overall mortality, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase confirmed clinically economic markers. High-quality imaging, MRI, and in some patients guided biopsy proposed. For early prevention of liver disease, regional anthropometric measures based on the; fat index (arm, hip, and waist circumference) besides body mass index, age, and alanine aminotransferase suggested values. Further evidence-based pharmacotherapy studies are recommended to be advantageous.