Biomarkers and Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome Among People Living With HIV/AIDS, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Study

Abstract

Background: While the fast extension of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in significant increases in life expectancy, disorders such as cardiometabolic syndrome (CMetS), which have received less attention, are becoming a major concern in HIV/AIDS patients (PLWHA). Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify biomarkers and determine the prevalence of CMetS in PLWHA using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) tools. Methods: Between January 2019 and February 2021, a hospital-based study of HIV-infected patients (n = 288) was conducted. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. To control the effect of confounders, independent variables with a P-value of <.20 in the bivariate logistic regression were incorporated into multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was defined as a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of less than .05. Results: The risk of CMetS increased twofold as age increased each year ( P = .009), 1.2 times as the age at which cART began increased ( P = .015), and 6 times with 1 or more co-morbidities ( P = .028), according to the NCEP tool. Furthermore, significant NCEP-CMetS correlations were produced by a rise in diastolic blood pressure ( P < .001) and cART duration ( P = .006). Male gender was 99.9% less likely to be related to CMetS using the IDF tool, and the risk of CMetS increased fourfold with each unit increase in waist circumference ( P < .001). Triglycerides and blood type “A” have been found to have substantial relationships with CMetS using both techniques. Conclusion: According to the study, CMetS was found to be common in PLWHA. Age, time on cART, age when cART started, gender, co-morbidities, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure were all revealed to be significant predictors of CMetS. Triglycerides and blood type “A” were the only biomarkers found to be significant with CMetS using both the NCEP and IDF tools.

Cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cohort study

“…The majority of the HIV-negative group participants had one or more chronic conditions, which might have contributed to the elevated CMetS in this cohort. The influence of comorbidity indicated a similar outcome in a study carried out to investigate a single group of the HIV population [ 61 ].…”

“…For successful CMetS prevention and therapy, assessment of biomarkers on an epidemiological and clinical basis is crucial [ 71 ]. Even though sociodemographic factors, genetic composition, sample population, and other factors may all influence the outcomes, all biomarkers are thought to be equally useful in identifying CMetS [ 61 ]. The total impact of repeated measurements of these biomarkers during the cohort was determined using the Freidman ANOVA.…”

Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The prevalence of MetS was assessed using the NCEP/ATPIII and IDF criteria. Accordingly, eight studies [ 16 – 21 , 23 ] used NCEP/ATPIII, six studies [ 14 , 16 – 18 , 20 , 22 ] used IDF, and four studies used both tools [ 15 – 18 , 20 ] (Table 1 ).…”

“…In Ethiopia, different primary studies have reported a prevalence of MetS among PLHIV ranging from 16.8 to 43.8% based on various criteria [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Despite the fact that a number of primary studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of MetS, no systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) has been conducted to synthesize this evidence in order to better understand the disease's occurrence at the national level.…”

Beneficial Effects of Sulforaphane-Yielding Broccoli Sprout on Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Cardiometabolic syndrome is defined as a set of interrelated metabolic risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease closely associated with insulin resistance, which includes abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension (1). Emerging evidence suggests that the overall prevalence of the cardiometabolic syndrome is increasing globally (2). Given that cardiometabolic syndrome is a pre-condition of critical health problems (1), it is vital to study the effective and efficient strategies for preventing and managing its determinants, including the introduction of functional foods in contemporary diets.…”