Biomarker responses and biotransformation capacity in Arctic and temperate benthic species exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Monitoring parameters for the assessment of oil and gas related contaminants and their biological effects need validation before application in the Arctic. For such monitoring purposes, we evaluated the potential use of three biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, acyl-CoA oxidase and glutathione S-transferase) for application to an Arctic bivalve (Astarte borealis) and determined the body residue of pyrene and two pyrene metabolites (1-hydroxypyrene and pyrene-1-glucuronide) in Arctic benthic species (bivalve: Macoma calcarea; polychaete:Nephtys ciliata) and temperate benthic species (bivalve: Limecola balthica; polychaete: Alitta virens) in order to establish the potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolite profiles as biomarkers of exposure in such species. Experimental PAH exposure levels were probably too low (0.2 -1.7 mg/kg dry weight in sediment) to induce or inhibit biomarker responses in A. borealis. Concentrations of pyrene and pyrene metabolites varied between species, although no consistent patterns could be established among taxonomic groups and locations. Metabolites made up to 79% of the total pyrene concentrations, indicating that basal metabolic activity is affecting pyrene kinetics even at low concentrations in all species. This indicates that Arctic and temperate species could show similar metabolism patterns of PAHs, although more insight into the effects of confounding factors is needed.

Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by arctic and temperate benthic species

“…These percentages were used 1) on a precautionary basis because neither the harbor sediment chemical concentrations nor the effect threshold for each of the species were known, and 2) to be able to link the nonlethal effects of chemical concentration to the endpoints studied (Szczybelski et al, 2019). The medium treatment contained 5% (vol) harbor sediment (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), and the high treatment contained 10% (vol) harbor sediment.…”

“…The medium treatment contained 5% (vol) harbor sediment (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), and the high treatment contained 10% (vol) harbor sediment. These percentages were used 1) on a precautionary basis because neither the harbor sediment chemical concentrations nor the effect threshold for each of the species were known, and 2) to be able to link the nonlethal effects of chemical concentration to the endpoints studied (Szczybelski et al, 2019). These preparations thus resulted in 6 sediments: 3 for bivalves (bivalve sediment low [BSL], bivalve sediment medium [BSM], and bivalve sediment high [BSH]) and 3 for polychaetes (polychaete sediment low [PSL], polychaete sediment medium [PSM], and polychaete sediment high [PSH]); one of them (BSM) was finally excluded from further analysis due to low numbers of individuals.…”

Himalayan fisheries and aquaculture in the era of climate change : Some insight to endeavor our future research.

“…Its induction is involved in chemical carcino genesis via catalysis of the covalent binding of organic contaminants to DNA (DNA-adducts). CYP1Ainduction, measured as enzyme activity, enzyme amount, or mRNA, has been successively used in many field studies in fishes (Ariadna et al,2019).…”

Occurrence of 3-nitrobenzanthrone and other powerful mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in living organisms: polychaetes

“…Due to the inherent hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of some PACs such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), once they are released into water bodies they tend to be primarily bound to suspended particles in the water column, and are eventually deposited on the seafloor in sediments and particles where they may be rapidly accumulated by marine benthic invertebrates such as polychaetes worms. Hence, marine polychaetes are well known for their PAH metabolism capabilities, although the ability to metabolize PAHs may widely vary among families 1,2,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] .…”

“…However, their concentrations did not exceed 3.0 µg g −1 dw, except for 1-methyl-5nitronaphthalene (1M-5NNAP) which was present in concentrations up to 12.2 µg g −1 dw. The concentrations of these nitro-PAHs may be explained by the abilities of polychaetes to absorb and/or bioaccumulate many organic pollutants 4,17,20,39,40 . For instance, K. Ito et al 40 investigated the bioaccumulation capacity of the oligochaete Thalassodrilides sp.…”