Biomarker Records From Eocene Lacustrine Sequence in the Eastern Tibet Plateau and Its Implication for Organic Matter Sources

Abstract

The Eocene is the initial stage of the Cenozoic global cooling. Compared with the abundant marine records, the continental records of Eocene are scarce. Throughout the Eocene, a series of continuous deposition of gypsum and volcanic tuff-bearing red clastic sediments have developed in the Nangqian Basin (NB). In this work, representative sediments were collected from the NB, and lipid biomarkers and compound-specific carbon isotopes of n-alkanes were analyzed. Based on the robust paleomagnetic age–depth model, from the early to the late Eocene, the compound-specific carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C23 and δ13C25) increased with the sedimentary facies changed. At the same time, the relative proportion of mid-chain length to the long-chain length homologs (Paq) decreased, and the peak carbon number (Cmax) shifted from nC21, nC22 or nC23 to nC16, nC25, nC27, or nC31. We ascribed these variations to the climate drying and water level turning high as indicated by the lithology change from fluvial to lacustrine facies and the terrestrial inputs from neighboring mountain belts in the middle–late Eocene. Moreover, we compared our n-alkane results with other records from the TP and the global sea level and marine benthic δ18O. We found that a nearly synchronous deformation and drying of the eastern TP caused by the India–Asia collision in the early Eocene was closely related to the arid conditions and topographically changed in the northern TP. The climate variations in the Eocene in the NB were mainly controlled by the global climate change and the uplift of the TP and affected by the Paratethys Sea on a long scale.

Dynamic environment but no temperature change since the late Paleogene at Lühe Basin (Yunnan, China)

“…This would suggest a warm temperate climate rather than fully subtropical climate, with taxa that have frost sensitive leaves that are prone to winter deciduousness.Importantly, these four different methods for estimating palaeotemperatures match the present-day MAAT for this site, which ranges from 15-20°C depending on the exact elevation in this region with dynamic topography. The lack of temperature change from the Oligocene to today suggests that this location has been at its present-day elevation since at least the early Oligocene, supporting the hypothesis that local uplift had already taken place by this timeWei et al, 2022). This proposal has recently been grounded in supporting data byWu et al (2022) who likewise suggest that Lühe Basin town section had reached its present elevation by the early Oligocene.…”

“…This coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation paleoclimate model includes paleo-rotations (latitude/longitude), changes in globally dynamic temperatures (e.g., SST changes from the South China Sea), and changes in cloud coverage and precipitation. In addition, there is supporting evidence from moist enthalpy from CLAMP and oxygen isotopes from carbonate nodules that topography of the eastern margin of Tibet was established immediately prior to and during the basin development (e.g., He et al, 2022).…”