Biomarker Expression of Peri-Implantitis Lesions before and after Treatment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The need to predict, diagnose and treat peri-implant diseases has never been greater. We present a systematic review of the literature on the changes in the expression of biomarkers in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) before and after treatment of peri-implantitis. Bacterial composition, clinical and radiographic parameters, and systemic biomarkers before and after treatment are reported as secondary outcomes. A total of 17 studies were included. Treatment groups were non-surgical treatment or surgical treatment, either alone or with adjunctive therapy. Our findings show that non-surgical treatment alone does not influence biomarker levels or clinical outcomes. Both adjunctive photodynamic therapy and local minocycline application resulted in a reduction of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 twelve months after treatment. Non-surgical treatments with adjunctive use of lasers or antimicrobials were more effective at improving the clinical outcomes in the short-term only. Access flap debridement led to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α reduction twelve months post-surgery. Surgical debridement with adjunctive antimicrobials achieved a decrease in MMP-8 at three months. Adjunctive use of Emdogain™ (EMD) was associated with a reduction in 40 PICF proteins compared to access flap surgery alone. Surgical interventions were more effective at reducing probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing both in the short- and long-term. Surgical treatment in combination with EMD was found to be more effective in resolving inflammation up to twelve months.

A novel nonsurgical therapy for peri‐implantitis using focused pulsed electromagnetic field: A pilot randomized double‐blind controlled clinical trial

“…Other time points (T0 and T2) did not reach significant levels. Previous meta‐analysis found that other nonsurgical treatments reduce the IL‐1β levels including adjunctive use of lasers and antimicrobials agents (Moaven et al, 2022). These results are in a line with a recent previously published in vitro study that used MED which indicated that PEMFs heightened anti‐inflammatory cytokine, such as IL‐10 expression, and lessened the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1β (Casado et al, 2013).…”