Bioluminescence profile in the deep Pacific Ocean

Bradner, H.; Bartlett, M.; Blackinton, G.; Clem, J.; Karl, David M.; Learned, J. G.; Lewitus, Alan J.; Matsuno, S.; O’Connor, Daniel; Peatman, W.C.B.; Reichle, Michael; Roos, C. E.; Waters, J.; Webster, Michael S.; Yarbrough, Mark

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(87)90057-4

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the NW Atlantic, Clarke & Hubbard (1959) made measurements of bioluminescence at different depths down to the sea floor at 3750 m using a photomultiplier tube. In the Pacific Ocean, Bradner et al (1987) measured continuous profiles down to 4300 m and Webster et al (1991) incorporated a photo-multiplier tube into a free-fall system that descended to the sea floor at 4700 m. All these studies confirmed the presence of bioluminescence at all depths with light occurring in flashes of 0.2 to >1 s duration that decreased in frequency with increasing depth. Webster et al (1991) detected 5 flashes h -1 above the sea floor of the Pacific Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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Seasonal development of a deep pelagic bioluminescent layer in the temperate NE Atlantic Ocean

Gillibrand

Jamieson

Bagley

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Bradner et al (1987) also reported an exponential decrease in pelagic bioluminescence in the North Pacific off Hawaii. However, the development of a deep layer of bioluminescent organisms between 1000 and 2000 m has not been previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal development of a deep pelagic bioluminescent layer in the temperate NE Atlantic Ocean

Gillibrand

Jamieson

Bagley

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The organisms causing the camera to trigger were usually too small to be distinguished in the photographs, but if they resided within the -3-liter volume viewed by the camera, this response would correspond to a flashing rate of -2-50 flashes liter-l h-l. Bradner et al (1987) measured bioluminescence in the deep Pacific Ocean (depths of 2,000-4,300 m) with a surfacesuspended instrument having a downlooking photomultiplier; they observed occasional flashes that seemed to be due to flashing of organisms in the vicinity of the instrument. Nealson et al (1984) used a subsurface moored photometer to measure bioluminescence in Scripps Canyon off La Jolla, California.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has long been recognized that the mea-surement of natural bioluminescence in situ is extremely difficult, since in many cases it was shown that the measuring instruments stimulated additional bioluminescence (Clarke and Breslau 1959;Clarke and Hubbard 1959;Bradner et al 1987). Furthermore, since many of the instruments used a single detector and the volume of water viewed was not restricted, large distant flashes could not be distinguished from small, nearby flashes, and very little quantitative information could be obtained about the number of bioluminescent flashes in situ.…”

Section: Bioluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

An encounter model to predict natural planktonic bioluminescence

Buskey¹,

Swift

1990

Limnology & Oceanography

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Natural bioluminescence results from the emissions of bioluminescent organisms in the absence of man-made disturbance. Most epipelagic and mesopelagic bioluminescence is caused by planktonic organisms. Limited attempts to measure natural bioluminescence in situ with surface deployed and moored instruments have recorded much higher levels of natural bioluminescence than have been observed from submersibles. We present a model predicting the frequency of interactions among planktonic organisms leading to natural bioluminescent emissions. The results suggest that natural bioluminescent flashes caused by interactions between zooplankters may be rare events in the Sargasso Sea, with our model predicting a maximum of nearly 600 flashes h-l m-3 at night in surface waters of the northern Sargasso Sea where there was an unusually high concentration of euphausiids and small bioluminescent dinoflagellates, but < 1 flash h-' m-3 in the southern Sargasso Sea. In both locations most of the natural bioluminescence was predicted to be caused by euphausiids and copepods of the genus Pleuromamma and natural bioluminescence generally decreased with depth. The more intense displays of natural bioluminescence are probably the result of the bioluminescence of numerous smaller dinoflagellates common in coastal waters and may also be the result of disturbances caused by interactions of larger organisms with bioluminescent plankters.

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“…Great help proved satellite imagery of the sea surface in addition to more classic observations from ships. Partly due to logistic problems, less is known about the deep-sea, below 1000 m. Although it is known that Gulf Stream eddies have large vertical extent >2000 m (Richardson, 1983) In general, bioluminescent organisms are progressively less abundant at greater depths (Vinogradov, 1961;Bradner, 1987;Priede et al, 2006;Heger et al, 2008). Faunal groups that produce bioluminescence in the deep sea are fish and zooplankton (Haddock et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%