Bioluminescence in the Monterey Submarine Canyon: image analysis of video recordings from a midwater submersible

Widder, Edith A.; Bernstein, Stephen A.; Bracher, D. F.; Case, James F.; Reisenbichler, Kim R.; Torres, Joseph J.; Robison, Bruce H.

doi:10.1007/bf00394831

Cited by 76 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The oceanic environment is incredibly vast and its midwater zone (we use the word to encompass the mesopelagic zone and the upper part of the bathypelagic zone) is the largest metazoan habitat on Earth (Widder et al 1989;Webb et al 2010). A lot of information exists concerning its larger and hard-bodied inhabitants, such as fish, squids, crustaceans and other organisms that are still recognizable after collection in trawl nets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal structure of the jellyfish community in the transition zone of cold and warm currents in the northwest Pacific

Morita

Hidaka

Nishimoto

et al. 2017

Plankton Benthos Res

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Species composition, diversity and biomass of jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora), with their spatiotemporal distributions, were analyzed in the upper 1500 m of the Oyashio front, the Transition zone and the Kuroshio extension, off Tohoku, northeastern Japan, between May 2005 and March 2006. Species composition and abundance differed remarkably between the shallower layer and the deeper layer at the boundary of 300-500 m depth, where water density was within the range of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. In the deeper layer, diversity reached its peak with the appearance of 27 taxa common in all the regions throughout the year, though abundance was low. Pantachogon haeckeli and Crossota rufobrunnea were dominant in the deeper layer. The possibility of diel vertical migration was suggested in two midwater species: Euphysa japonica and Atolla vanhoeffeni. In the Oyashio waters, jellyfish abundance was much higher than in the Transition waters and Kuroshio-derived waters, but with low diversity, dominated by large numbers of Aglantha digitale and Dimophyes arctica. High values of diversity were found in the Kuroshio-derived waters with various tropical and warm-water species, especially calycophoran siphonophores being present. In the Transition waters, diversity was relatively high, with co-occurrence of warm-water species and cold-water species. Jellyfish biomass tended to be high in the midwater zone due to the occurrence of large species, particularly Scyphozoa. Carbon-based jellyfish biomass calibrated with other studies exceeded that of other organism groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal structure of the jellyfish community in the transition zone of cold and warm currents in the northwest Pacific

Morita

Hidaka

Nishimoto

et al. 2017

Plankton Benthos Res

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“…The movement of the thrashing arms will stimulate additional bioluminescence in the sur rounding water, and pr obably increase the pr edator's attention (Widder et al 1989). The use of bioluminescent append ages or secr etions as a defensive distraction has been obser ved in many deep-sea animals, including jellies, polychaetes, cr ustaceans, and the cephalopod Vampyroteuthis infernalis (Herring 2002, Robison et al 2003, Osbor n et al 2009, Haddock et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economy of arm autotomy in the mesopelagic squid Octopoteuthis deletron

Bush¹

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) wer e used to obser ve and collect the mesopelagic squid Octopoteuthis deletron Young, 1972. I documented numer ous individuals with shortened, blunt-ended ar ms and r egenerating arm-tips, which may be indicative of ar m autotomy, i.e. the jettisoning of a body par t as a defense. To test the hypothesis that O. deletron is capable of arm autotomy, laboratory investigations and an in situ experiment using ROVs attempted to induce autotomy. I looked for autotomy fractur e planes in histologically sectioned ar ms. O. deletron is capable of ar m autotomy, but it r equires traction to occur. O. deletron has numerous places where an arm can sever; arm breakage always occurred immediately proximal to the point of interaction, minimizing tissue loss, and demonstrating 'economy of autotomy'. Despite the fact that this species can autotomize an ar m anywhere along its length, only a few well-defined fracture planes were found in our histological sections, indicating that autotomy pr obably occurs via loss of tensile strength during a defensive interaction. In O. deletron, an autotomized arm usually thrashes and the ter minal arm photophore bioluminesces -whether a steady glow , flashing on and off, or both-which could be an impor tant part of predator distraction associated with autotomy in dark, mesopelagic waters. O. deletron is the first squid reported to autotomize its arms, the only cephalopod known to be capable of economy of autotomy , and is one of ver y few species known to use attack autotomy, whereby a predator is grasped by a body part that is subsequently autotomized.

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“…Immediately following HIDEX-BP profiles the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible was launched with Dr. Katz's submersible holographic camera mounted on the upper work platform (Figure 1). Thin layers were located using real-time sensor feedback from intensified video recordings of stimulated bioluminescence (Widder et al, 1989). Identification of organisms responsible for the bioluminescence was based on the spatial and temporal properties of the recorded displays.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Processes and Factors Regulating the Generation, Maintenance and Breakdown of Bioluminescent Thin Layers

Widder¹

2001

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Bioluminescence in the Monterey Submarine Canyon: image analysis of video recordings from a midwater submersible

Cited by 76 publications

References 22 publications

Spatio-temporal structure of the jellyfish community in the transition zone of cold and warm currents in the northwest Pacific

Spatio-temporal structure of the jellyfish community in the transition zone of cold and warm currents in the northwest Pacific

Economy of arm autotomy in the mesopelagic squid Octopoteuthis deletron

Investigation of Processes and Factors Regulating the Generation, Maintenance and Breakdown of Bioluminescent Thin Layers

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