Biology, Thermal Requirements, and Estimation of the Number of Generations of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Coffee culture, one of the main agricultural activities in Brazil, has undergone recent negative impacts due to unfavorable climate conditions, with a subnormal rainy period and increased temperatures during the second half of 2015. The coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main insect pests of coffee crops worldwide. The present research aimed to determine the climate zones for coffee berry borer in the state of São Paulo, based on its thermal requirements. The results showed that the mean biological development time of H. hampei was affected by temperature, completing its life cycle more rapidly in increased temperatures until the 30°C threshold temperature, and more slowly above this temperature. Development time (egg-adult) was inversely related to temperature in the range between 18 and 32°C. The temperature threshold (Tt) was 13.9°C and the thermal constant (K) was 299 degree-days. These laboratory estimates of thermal requirements and the Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to generate insect life span distribution maps for São Paulo. In this state, the coffee berry borer can produce 5.09-10.53 generations annually. Higher pest incidences should coincide with both temperature increases and the availability of coffee fruit for infestation. The data obtained can be used to estimate the monthly and yearly number of generations of this pest, for use in integrated pest management programs.

Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) development across an elevational gradient on Hawai‘i Island: Applying laboratory degree-day predictions to natural field populations

“…Cumulative degree-days were calculated by site using micro- or macro-scale temperature data and the lower temperature threshold (LTT) for CBB development determined under constant conditions in two separate studies. To calculate degree-day accumulation, the LTT of 13.9°C [24] and 14.9°C [22] were subtracted from each hourly temperature reading and the resulting values were summed, divided by 24 hrs, and an average calculated for each day. For micro-scale data, hourly temperatures from all 10 branches per site were averaged for degree-day calculations.…”

“…Laboratory studies that report thermal unit accumulation thresholds (“degree days”) for CBB [22, 23, 24] provide data that is an essential starting point for improving site-specific timing of control practices. Degree-day models relate insect development (time in stage) to ambient temperature such that higher temperatures result in decreased time in stage (increased development rate, defined as the reciprocal of time in stage), up to a certain temperature threshold where development halts [25].…”

“…A temperature one degree above the lower developmental threshold for 24h would result in the accumulation of one degree-day. From laboratory studies conducted under constant temperatures, the threshold number of degree-days needed for a stage transition or complete life cycle in CBB has been determined [22, 23, 24]. However, the reliability of these degree-day predictions under variable field conditions has not been tested.…”

Cálculo de grados días de Hypothenemus hampei a través de imágenes satelitales

“…El comportamiento espacial de los grados días de desarrollo se pueden observar en la Figura 3, los rangos de clasificación se basaron en la acumulación de unidades calor requeridas para cada etapa de desarrollo de la plaga (Jaramillo et al, 2009;Giraldo-Jaramillo et al, 2018). Para abril y mayo de 2018, las condiciones de acumulación de grados días superaron las 300 unidades calor, particularmente en Atoyac de Álvarez, Coyuca de Benítez, San Luis Acatlán y Malinaltepec en Guerrero, Santiago Nuyoó, Santiago Jamiltepec y Santiago Ixtayutla al poniente de Oaxaca y Ocozocoautla de Espinoza en Chiapas, sitios donde se también se tiene la presencia de la broca de café.…”

“…Las plagas y enfermedades son una de las amenazas más importantes para el cultivo, y se encuentran entre los factores limitantes más importantes de la productividad de los sistemas agroforestales, ya que pueden ser responsables de la pérdida entre 30 al 50% de la producción (Oerke, 2006;Barrera, 2007). El café es susceptible a más de 287 patógenos (CABI, 2018) donde las más dañinas son la roya (Hemileia Vastatrix) y la broca de café (Hypothenemus hampei) (Giraldo-Jaramillo et al, 2018;Libert y Paz, 2018).…”