Biology, persistence and detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocyst

Carey, Christine; Lee, H; Trevors, J. T.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.012

Cited by 188 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…Despite T CD4+ lymphocyte levels being quantified in only 17.8% of patients, the opportunistic character of intestinal coccidial infections could be perceived in 78.6% of the patients which presented coccidian in the faeces showing T CD4+ lymphocyte counts ≤ 200 cells/mm 3 . This fact was closely related to the cases of cryptosporidiosis, corroborating results already reported in the literature 3 . This association was also detected in cases of cystoisosporiadosis, although the high standard deviation in the T CD4 + lymphocyte counts observed in patients with Cystoisospora belli, demonstrated that this coccidiann suffers less from the host immune response than Cryptosporidium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Seasonal profile and level of CD4+ lymphocytes in the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil

Oliveira-Silva

Oliveira

Possati-Resende

et al. 2007

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…T CD4 + lymphocytes were quantified in 64 (17.8%) of all patients and a mean value of 194.9 ± 215.3 cells/mm 3 . Of these patients, 50 (78%) presented diarrhoea and 14 (21.8%) coccidian in the faeces, with 7 (50%) positive for Cryptosporidium sp, 6 (43%), with Cystoisospora belli and 1 (7%) with both coccidian (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal profile and level of CD4+ lymphocytes in the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil

Oliveira-Silva

Oliveira

Possati-Resende

et al. 2007

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…The dispersion of oocysts/cysts occurs through faeces and finally, an infectious dose for these enteropathogens is low (Karanis et al, 2007). As various species and/or genotypes and even subgenotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia differ in their degree of infectivity and virulence (Carey et al, 2004;Thompson, 2004), the estimation of their real health threat is not possible without molecular analyses. In spite of this the presence of these parasites in P. carbo has only been investigated very rarely.…”

Section: Role In Pathogen Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of ecological impacts induced by great cormorants

Klimaszyk

Rzymski

2015

Hydrobiologia

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Following decades of global extermination, the general population of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) is on the rise. The lack of regular predators, highly skilled fish rapacity, rapid metabolism, significant rate of excretion and ability to form large nesting colonies on relatively small areas lead to numerous environmental consequences of cormorant presence. Here we comprehensively review the occurrence and distribution of this species and, in particular, its multi-faceted impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the main routes through which these impacts are being manifested. The bird-induced chemical loading and its biological and ecological consequences, and the effects on microbial pollution and pathogen dispersion are discussed in particular. The need for further investigation to fully elucidate particular effects is stressed throughout the paper. It is concluded that the environmental effects of great cormorants are rather complex, can lead to serious ecosystem modifications and that the presence of these birds should be taken into consideration in ecological assessment and monitoring.

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“…Cryptosporidiosis can result in severe diarrhoea, dehydration, abdominal pain and weight loss. These symptoms are usually limited to a 2-week duration; however in patients who are immunocompromised, the disease can be persistent and chronic, often becoming life threatening (Carey et al, 2004;Chalmers and Davies, 2010). Currently, nitazoxanide (NTZ) is approved for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in children and immunocompetent adults in the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target validation of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) gene in Cryptosporidium using Phylomer® peptides

Jefferies

Yang

Woh

et al. 2015

Experimental Parasitology

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• Yielded a relatively high functional hit rate (~17% i.e. 2/12 Phylomer ® peptides tested).• Successfully shown that TAT can deliver therapeutic Phylomer cargoes inside cells.• Opens up new therapeutic opportunities. Cryptosporidiosis, a gastroenteric disease characterised mainly by diarrheal illnesses in humans and mammals is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. Treatment options for cryptosporidiosis are limited, with the current therapeutic nitazoxanide, only partly efficacious in immunocompetent individuals. The parasite lacks de novo purine synthesis, and is exclusively dependant on purine salvage from its host. Inhibition of the inosine 5' monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a purine salvage enzyme that is essential for DNA synthesis, thereby offers a potential drug target against this parasite. In the present study, a yeast-two-hybrid system was used to identify Phylomer peptides within a library constructed from the genomes of 25 phylogenetically diverse bacteria that targeted the IMPDH of Cryptosporidium parvum (IMPcp) and Cryptosporidium hominis (IMPch). We identified 38 unique interacting Phylomers, of which, 12 were synthesised and screened against C. parvum in vitro. Two Phylomers exhibited significant growth inhibition (81.2-83.8% inhibition; P < 0.05), one of which consistently 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 exhibited positive interactions with IMPcp and IMPch during primary and recapitulation yeast two-hybrid screening and did not interact with either of the human IMPDH proteins. The present study highlightsthe potential of Phylomer peptides as target validation tools for Cryptosporidium and other organisms and diseases because of their ability to bind with high affinity to target proteins and disrupt function. G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T

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Biology, persistence and detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocyst

Cited by 188 publications

References 244 publications

Seasonal profile and level of CD4+ lymphocytes in the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil

Seasonal profile and level of CD4+ lymphocytes in the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil

The complexity of ecological impacts induced by great cormorants

Target validation of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) gene in Cryptosporidium using Phylomer® peptides

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