Biology of Tipulidae

How common are rare taxa in long-term benthic macroinvertebrate surveys?

“…Numerous reviews on the life histories of aquatic insects (Macan 1962; Fig. 1) and most importantly specific insect orders or families, such as Trichoptera (Mackay and, Ephemeroptera (Brittain 1982), Plecoptera (Hynes 1976), Odonata (Corbet 1980), Chironomidae (Oliver 1971, Pinder 1986, and Tipulidae (Pritchard 1983), or groups, such as riffle beetles (Brown 1987), have been essential references that are widely used and cited by benthic biologists worldwide. These articles typically have appeared in the Annual Review of Entomology but one detailed review of species traits has appeared in J-NABS (Poff et al 2006; Fig.…”

New findings of Flagellisargus J Zhang, 2012 (Diptera, Brachycera, Archisargidae), with discussion of the placements of some controversial taxa

“…In addition, an aculeate ovipositor has evolved homoplastically in Diptera. It occurs in various groups, including a few Tipulidae, Phoridae, Pipunculidae, some Conopidae, Tephritoidea, Cryptochaetidae and Tachinidae (Pritchard 1983, Feener and Brown 1997, Skevington & Dang 2002, Stireman 2006, Grimaldi et al 2011, Q Zhang et al 2016. None of these groups (superfamilies or families) are distinguished based only on the specialized ovipositor.…”

Global diversity of craneflies (Insecta, Diptera: Tipulidea or Tipulidae sensu lato) in freshwater

“…The life cycle of others can be as short as six weeks, or, in the case of some arctic species, can last up to five years. The long life cycle of arctic species principally is caused by the shortness of the arctic summer, rather than by the low temperatures (Pritchard, 1983).…”