Biology of the Swimming Acorn Worm<i>Glandiceps hacksi</i>from the Seto Inland Sea of Japan

Urata, Makoto; Iwasaki, S.; Ohtsuka, Susumu

doi:10.2108/zsj.29.305

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The direct developing harrimaniid enteropneusts, on the other hand, appear to regenerate less well than ptychoderids (Tweedell, 1961) or not at all (Rychel and Swalla, 2009). To our knowledge, there are no data on regeneration in the Torquaratoridae, but in the Spengelidae Glandiceps hacksi is reported to autotomize and regenerate the caudal portion (Urata et al, 2012). Evidence of asexual reproduction by fission and paratomy in different groups likely goes hand in hand with regenerative ability (Miyamoto and Saito, 2010;Worsaae et al, 2012).…”

Section: Hemichordatamentioning

confidence: 82%

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Ferrario

Sugni

Somorjai

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The diversity of regenerative phenomena seen in adult metazoans, as well as their underlying mechanistic bases, are still far from being comprehensively understood. Reviewing both ultrastructural and molecular data, the present work aims to showcase the increasing relevance of invertebrate deuterostomes, i.e., echinoderms, hemichordates, cephalochordates and tunicates, as invaluable models to study cellular aspects of adult regeneration. Our comparative approach suggests a fundamental contribution of local dedifferentiation -rather than mobilization of resident undifferentiated stem cells-as an important cellular mechanism contributing to regeneration in these groups. Thus, elucidating the cellular origins, recruitment and fate of cells, as well as the molecular signals underpinning tissue regrowth in regenerationcompetent deuterostomes, will provide the foundation for future research in tackling the relatively limited regenerative abilities of vertebrates, with clear applications in regenerative medicine.

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Section: Hemichordatamentioning

confidence: 82%

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Ferrario

Sugni

Somorjai

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…However, because the musculature of torquaratorids is only weakly developed, it is very unlikely that descent involves active swimming of the sort known for one shallow water enteropneust (Urata et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on torquaratorid acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) from the North Atlantic with descriptions of a new genus and three new species

Priede

Osborn

Gebruk

et al. 2012

Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. Enteropneusts in the family Torquaratoridae were imaged using still and video cameras in the deep North Atlantic and then collected by remotely operated vehicles. From this material, we describe Yoda purpurata n. gen, n. sp., Tergivelum cinnabarinum n. sp., and Allapasus isidis n. sp. Individuals of the first two species were browsing completely exposed on the sea floor, whereas the specimen of the last species was encountered floating~1 m above the sea floor. Living specimens of Y. purpurata were 12-19 cm long and had a dark reddish-purple proboscis, collar, and genital wings (folded dorsally over the anterior region of the trunk). Members of this species were hermaphrodites (the first ever discovered in the phylum Hemichordata), with numerous separate testes and ovaries in the genital wings. Living specimens of T. cinnabarinum were 12-26 cm long and had a cinnabar-colored proboscis, collar, and back veils (arising from the anterior region of the trunk); sexes were separate, and body shape and internal morphology closely resemble those of its brown congener, T. baldwinae, from the eastern Pacific. The only specimen of A. isidis collected was a male 13 cm long and pale yellow when alive. Its body shape was proportionally shorter and broader than that of its orange congener, T. aurantiacus, from the eastern Pacific, but the internal anatomy of the two species is virtually identical.

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“…Recently, molecular phylogenetic analysis reconfirmed the distant relationship of one of these spengelid species, Glandiceps hacksi (Marion , ), with other enteropneust families (Osborn et al ), putting the Harrimaniidae basal to the more derived Spengelidae, although less so than the Ptychoderidae and Torquaratoridae, as also indicated by the morphological analysis (Cameron ). Continuous biological investigation from 2005 to 2007 revealed the breeding season of this species (Urata et al ). Here, we describe the development of G. hacksi from fertilization to the juvenile stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the swimming acorn worm Glandiceps hacksi: similarity to holothuroids

Urata

Iwasaki

Ohtsuka

et al. 2014

Evolution and Development

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Spawnings of Glandiceps hacksi (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) were stimulated in the laboratory by a brief increase in temperature, and the development from fertilization through metamorphosis is described for the first time for a member of the family Spengelidae. When fertilized, the spawned female gametes, which are primary oocytes, rapidly raise a fertilization membrane and undergo two maturation divisions. Holoblastic, radial cleavage produces a blastula; a gastrula then forms by invagination from the vegetal pole, and the blastopore closes soon thereafter. In previously described enteropneust embryos, the archenteron buds off the protocoel before the latter connects to the exterior via the proboscis pore. By contrast, in G. hacksi the archenteron precociously connects with the exterior before the protocoel forms. Soon thereafter, the embryo becomes uniformly ciliated and then hatches from the fertilization envelope at approximately 32 h (15°C culture temperature). At day 3 of development, the protocoel separates from the gut, which establishes a mouth opening to the exterior; by this time, the gut has differentiated into an esophagus, a stomach, and an intestine that opens posteriorly as an anus. The larva grows to form a tornaria with distinctive pigment patches along its ciliary bands.

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Biology of the Swimming Acorn WormGlandiceps hacksifrom the Seto Inland Sea of Japan

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Observations on torquaratorid acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) from the North Atlantic with descriptions of a new genus and three new species

Development of the swimming acorn worm Glandiceps hacksi: similarity to holothuroids

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