Biology of the BKPyV: An Update

Helle, François; Brochot, Étienne; Handala, Lynda; Martin, Élodie; Castelain, Sandrine; François, Clément; Duverlie, Gilles

doi:10.3390/v9110327

Cited by 73 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 113 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mutations in the early region can lead to the expression of a truncated form of the large tumour antigen protein. Rearrangements in the non-coding control region and point mutations in VP1 have been described in two important human PyVs: JCPyV and BKPyV (Helle et al 2017). In the case of JCPyV, mutations of these loci lead to the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.…”

Section: Polyomavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus–Host Coevolution with a Focus on Animal and Human DNA Viruses

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viruses have been infecting their host cells since the dawn of life, and this extremely long-term coevolution gave rise to some surprising consequences for the entire tree of life. It is hypothesised that viruses might have contributed to the formation of the first cellular life form, or that even the eukaryotic cell nucleus originates from an infection by a coated virus. The continuous struggle between viruses and their hosts to maintain at least a constant fitness level led to the development of an unceasing arms race, where weapons are often shuttled between the participants. In this literature review we try to give a short insight into some general consequences or traits of virus-host coevolution, and after this we zoom in to the viral clades of adenoviruses, herpesviruses, nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses, polyomaviruses and, finally, circoviruses.

show abstract

Section: Polyomavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus–Host Coevolution with a Focus on Animal and Human DNA Viruses

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A better understanding of the BKPyV life cycle could permit identification of new therapeutic targets to inhibit virus replication (4). In particular, only a few studies have been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms of virion assembly and release.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

BK Polyomavirus Hijacks Extracellular Vesicles for En Bloc Transmission

Handala

Blanchard

Raynal

et al. 2020

J Virol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most people are asymptomatic carriers of the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), but the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion remain poorly understood. Furthermore, BKPyV is responsible for nephropathies in kidney transplant recipients. Unfortunately, the sole therapeutic option is to modulate immunosuppression, which increases the risk of transplant rejection. Using iodixanol density gradients, we observed that Vero and renal proximal tubular epithelial infected cells release two populations of infectious particles, one of which cosediments with extracellular vesicles (EVs). Electron microscopy confirmed that a single vesicle could traffic tens of viral particles. In contrast to naked virions, the EV-associated particles (eBKPyVs) were not able to agglutinate red blood cells and did not use cell surface sialylated glycans as an attachment factor, demonstrating that different entry pathways were involved for each type of infectious particle. However, we also observed that naked BKPyV and eBKPyV were equally sensitive to neutralization by the serum of a seropositive patient or commercially available polyvalent immunoglobulin preparations, which occurred at a postattachment step, after endocytosis. In conclusion, our work shows a new mechanism that likely plays a critical role during the primary infection and in the persistence, but also the reactivation, of BKPyV. IMPORTANCE Reactivation of BKPyV is responsible for nephropathies in kidney transplant recipients, which frequently lead to graft loss. The mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion used by this virus remain poorly understood, and a therapeutic option for transplant patients is still lacking. Here, we show that BKPyV can be released into EVs, enabling viral particles to infect cells using an alternative entry pathway. This provides a new view of BKPyV pathogenesis. Even though we did not find any decreased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies when comparing EV-associated particles and naked virions, our study also raises important questions about developing prevention strategies based on the induction or administration of neutralizing antibodies. Deciphering this new release pathway could enable the identification of therapeutic targets to prevent BKPyV nephropathies. It could also lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of other polyomaviruses that are associated with human diseases.

show abstract

“…An alternative entry pathway involving a heparin-like attachment receptor and a nonsialylated coreceptor has also been described [ 52 ]. Concerning BKPyV, naked particles interact with the sialic-acid moiety of different types of b-series gangliosides such as GD3, GD2, GD1b, and GT1b, but an N-linked glycoprotein containing (2,3)-linked sialic acid could also act as a host receptor [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Both polyomaviruses are then internalized by endocytosis, followed by viral trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus for replication.…”

Section: Entry Of Ev-associated Virionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercellular Transmission of Naked Viruses through Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Polyomaviruses

Helle

Handala

Bentz

et al. 2020

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extracellular vesicles have recently emerged as a novel mode of viral transmission exploited by naked viruses to exit host cells through a nonlytic pathway. Extracellular vesicles can allow multiple viral particles to collectively traffic in and out of cells, thus enhancing the viral fitness and diversifying the transmission routes while evading the immune system. This has been shown for several RNA viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae, Hepeviridae, Reoviridae, and Caliciviridae families; however, recent studies also demonstrated that the BK and JC viruses, two DNA viruses that belong to the Polyomaviridae family, use a similar strategy. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms used by naked viruses to hijack extracellular vesicles, and we discuss the implications for the biology of polyomaviruses.

show abstract

Biology of the BKPyV: An Update

Cited by 73 publications

References 113 publications

Virus–Host Coevolution with a Focus on Animal and Human DNA Viruses

Virus–Host Coevolution with a Focus on Animal and Human DNA Viruses

BK Polyomavirus Hijacks Extracellular Vesicles for En Bloc Transmission

Intercellular Transmission of Naked Viruses through Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Polyomaviruses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About