Biology of the Antarctic eelpout Pachycara brachycephalum

Brodte, Eva; Knust, Rainer; Pörtner, Hans‐Otto; Arntz, Wolf

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.02.011

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These results concur with those of Gosztonyi (1977), although still smaller than the largest eggs of Austrolycus laticinctus, Pachycara brachycephalum, and Austrolycus depressiceps, (7.5 to 8.4 mm, up to 9 mm and 9.2 to 9.8 mm in diameter, respectively), which are the largest eggs in the family (Gosztonyi 1977, Matallanas et al 1990, Brodte et al 2006.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Early life history of three Patagonian zoarcids

Marcinkevicius

Gosztonyi

2013

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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Resumen.-Los zoárcidos están bien representados en la zona intermareal de la costa Patagónica. Se conoce que son ovíparos con cuidado parental, pero hay poca información del desarrollo ontogenético. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los estadios de desarrollo temprano de 3 especies de zoárcidos patagónicos: Iluocoetes elongatus, Phucocoetes latitans y Dadyanos insignis. Se muestrearon masas de huevos de estas 3 especies, en la zona intermareal de la Ría Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Los huevos fueron depositados en acuarios y condiciones controladas para obtener las postlarvas y los estadios siguientes. Los huevos más grandes obtenidos fueron de I. elongatus con 4,94 mm de diámetro, 4,93 mm en D. insignis y 4,20 mm en P. latitans. Las postlarvas eclosionaron con un alto grado de desarrollo (tamaño de eclosión 17,5 mm de longitud estándar (LS) en I. elongatus, 18 mm LS en P. latitans y 22 mm LS en D. insignis), difiriendo de los juveniles por la presencia del saco vitelino. El patrón de pigmentación corresponde al de los adultos y durante el desarrollo se intensifica. La porción cefálica de la línea lateral está totalmente desarrollada al momento de la eclosión. Palabras clave: Iluocoetes elongatus, Phucocoetes latitans, Dadyanos insignis, pigmentación, línea lateralAbstract.-Zoarcids are well represented in the intertidal zone of the Patagonian coast. They are typically oviparous with parental care, but so far there is little information on their ontogenetic development. The aim of this study was to describe the early developmental stages of 3 zoarcid species: Iluocoetes elongatus, Phucocoetes latitans and Dadyanos insignis. Egg masses were sampled from these 3 species in the intertidal zone of the Ría Deseado estuary (Santa Cruz, Argentina), and placed in suitable aquaria to obtain postlarvae and subsequent stages. Results showed that I. elongatus has the largest eggs of the 3 species with 4.94 mm in diameter, 4.93 mm in D. insignis and 4.20 mm in P. latitans. The postlarvae hatch with a high degree of development (with hatching size of 17.5 mm of standard length (SL) of I. elongatus, 18 mm SL of P. latitans and 22 mm SL of D. insignis), differing from juveniles by the presence of a large yolk sac. The pigmentation pattern fully corresponds to that of adults and during development it becomes increasingly intense. The cephalic portion of the lateral line is also totally developed at hatching time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Early life history of three Patagonian zoarcids

Marcinkevicius

Gosztonyi

2013

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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“…We measured HIF-1a protein levels and DNA-binding capacity of HIF-1 in unstressed North Sea eelpout collected during winter (6°C) and summer (12°C). In the stenothermal Antarctic Pachycara brachycephalum the same parameters were measured close to habitat temperature 0°C (0-0.6°C, Brodte et al 2006b), and upon several weeks of acclimation to 5°C, at the warm border of the thermal tolerance range of this Antarctic fish. Severe heat stress in this species commences at 7°C (Mark et al 2002a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of seasonal and latitudinal cold on oxidative stress parameters and activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in zoarcid fish

Heise

Estevez²,

Puntarulo³

et al. 2007

J Comp Physiol B

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Acute, short term cooling of North Sea eelpout Zoarces viviparus is associated with a reduction of tissue redox state and activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in the liver. The present study explores the response of HIF-1 to seasonal cold in Zoarces viviparus, and to latitudinal cold by comparing the eurythermal North Sea fish to stenothermal Antarctic eelpout (Pachycara brachycephalum). Hypoxic signalling (HIF-1 DNA binding activity) was studied in liver of summer and winter North Sea eelpout as well as of Antarctic eelpout at habitat temperature of 0°C and after long-term warming to 5°C. Biochemical parameters like tissue iron content, glutathione redox ratio, and oxidative stress indicators were analyzed to see whether the cellular redox state or reactive oxygen species formation and HIF activation in the fish correlate. HIF-1 DNA binding activity was significantly higher at cold temperature, both in the interspecific comparison, polar vs. temperate species, and when comparing winter and summer North Sea eelpout. Compared at the low acclimation temperatures (0°C for the polar and 6°C for the temperate eelpout) the polar fish showed lower levels of lipid peroxidation although the liver microsomal fraction turned out to be more susceptible to lipid radical formation. The level of radical scavenger, glutathione, was twofold higher in polar than in North Sea eelpout and also oxidised to over 50%. Under both conditions of cold exposure, latitudinal cold in the Antarctic and seasonal cold in the North Sea eelpout, the glutathione redox ratio was more oxidised when compared to the warmer condition. However, oxidative damage parameters (protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were elevated only during seasonal cold exposure in Z. viviparus. Obviously, Antarctic eelpout are keeping oxidative defence mechanisms high enough to avoid accumulation of oxidative damage products at low habitat temperature. The paper discusses how HIF could be instrumental in cold adaptation in fish.

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“…In the field, the former species lives close to freezing temperatures at -1.9°C, while the latter lives at temperatures between -0.4 and +1°C (Brodte et al, 2006b). In the eelpout, the longest acclimation period ever studied in Antarctic fishes, 10 months at +5°C, revealed a long-term capacity to warm acclimate, associated with a down regulation in the liver's capacity for aerobic metabolism (Lannig et al, 2005) and a remodelling of mitochondrial functions (Mark et al, 2006).…”

Section: Acclimatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance: a matrix for integrating climate-related stressor effects in marine ecosystems

Pörtner

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

1,167

984

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SummaryThe concept of oxygen-and capacity-dependent thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms has successfully explained climateinduced effects of rising temperatures on species abundance in the field. Oxygen supply to tissues and the resulting aerobic performance characters thus form a primary link between organismal fitness and its role and functioning at the ecosystem level. The thermal window of performance in water breathers matches their window of aerobic scope. Loss of performance reflects the earliest level of thermal stress, caused by hypoxaemia and the progressive mismatch of oxygen supply and demand at the borders of the thermal envelope. Oxygen deficiency elicits the transition to passive tolerance and associated systemic and cellular stress signals like hormonal responses or oxidative stress as well as the use of protection mechanisms like heat shock proteins at thermal extremes. Thermal acclimatization between seasons or adaptation to a climate regime involves shifting thermal windows and adjusting window widths. The need to specialize on a limited temperature range results from temperaturedependent trade-offs at several hierarchical levels, from molecular structure to whole-organism functioning, and may also support maximized energy efficiency. Various environmental factors like CO 2 (ocean acidification) and hypoxia interact with these principal relationships. Existing knowledge suggests that these factors elicit metabolic depression supporting passive tolerance to thermal extremes. However, they also exacerbate hypoxaemia, causing a narrowing of thermal performance windows and prematurely leading the organism to the limits of its thermal acclimation capacity. The conceptual analysis suggests that the relationships between energy turnover, the capacities of activity and other functions and the width of thermal windows may lead to an integrative understanding of specialization on climate and, as a thermal matrix, of sensitivity to climate change and the factors involved. Such functional relationships might also relate to climate-induced changes in species interactions and, thus, community responses at the ecosystem level.

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Biology of the Antarctic eelpout Pachycara brachycephalum

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Early life history of three Patagonian zoarcids

Early life history of three Patagonian zoarcids

Effects of seasonal and latitudinal cold on oxidative stress parameters and activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in zoarcid fish

Oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance: a matrix for integrating climate-related stressor effects in marine ecosystems

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