Biology of Terrestrial Amphipods

Friend, JA; Richardson, Amm

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.31.010186.000325

Cited by 120 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The occurrence of inland species could be the result of active and direct land penetration by 'palustral' ancestors [38]. For instance, the land invasion may have been facilitated along coastlines by high rainfall blowing in from the sea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine incursion into East Asia: a forgotten driving force of biodiversity

Yang

Hou

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Episodic marine incursion has been a major driving force in the formation of present-day diversity. Marine incursion is considered to be one of the most productive 'species pumps' particularly because of its division and coalescence effects. Marine incursion events and their impacts on diversity are well documented from South America, North America and Africa; however, their history and impacts in continental East Asia largely remain unknown. Here, we propose a marine incursion scenario occurring in East Asia during the Miocene epoch, 10-17 Ma. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis of Platorchestia talitrids revealed that continental terrestrial populations (Platorchestia japonica) form a monophyletic group that is the sister group to the Northwest Pacific coastal species Platorchestia pacifica. The divergence time between the two species coincides with Middle Miocene high global sea levels. We suggest that the inland form arose as a consequence of a marine incursion event. This is the first solid case documenting the impact of marine incursion on extant biodiversity in continental East Asia. We believe that such incursion event has had major impacts on other organisms and has played an important role in the formation of biodiversity patterns in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine incursion into East Asia: a forgotten driving force of biodiversity

Yang

Hou

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…The oxygen consumption and salinity tolerances of the two species have been investigated previously (Marsden, 1980;Marsden, 1984;Marsden, 1989) and it is therefore possible to relate gill area, desiccation tolerance, bimodal oxygen uptake and the ability of amphipods to survive in low salinity habitats. Friend & Richardson (1986) and Spicer etal. (1987) suggest that the ability of amphipods to regulate their internal osmotic pressure is the principal factor which has allowed certain groups to colonise fully terrestrial habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Crustaceans found in the supralittoral tations listed above. They have retained the zone have evolved mechanisms of aerial gas exsimple sac-like gills found in aquatic species change which typically, in the Isopoda and (Moore & Taylor, 1984;Spice & Taylor, 1986), have reduced resistance to desiccation (Friend & Richardson, 1977;Richardson & Devitt, 1984;Lazo-Wasem, 1984) and are restricted to areas of high, year round rainfall (Friend & Richardson, 1986). In contrast, beach hoppers generally have low weight specific gill areas (Moore & Taylor, 1984;Spicer & Taylor, 1987a) and rates of weight loss in desiccating conditions for the beach hopper Talitrus saltator are half those recorded for landhoppers (Morritt, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of water loss and gill areas in two supralittoral amphipods from New Zealand

Marsden

1991

Hydrobiologia

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Total gill area and gill distribution were measured for the sandhopper Talorchestia quoyana (MilneEdwards) and the beach flea Transorchestia chiliensis (Milne-Edwards). For both species the gill structure and proportional area contributed by individual gills was similar. Gill 6 (G6) was the largest, providing 36% of the gill area in Tal. quoyana and 30% in Tr. chiliensis. The gill area/total dry weight relationships were similar, Y = 1.3 X 0' 7 9 for Tal. quoyana and 1.4 X 0 ' 78 for Tr. chiliensis. Small, medium and large amphipods survived >24 h in aerial conditions close to 100% RH at 15 C. Rates of water loss in desiccating conditions increased with decreasing RH. Lethal water loss exceeded 30% weight loss for both species. Rate of water loss, (R) mg water loss. mg wet wt tissue. h-exposed to 75% RH for Tr. chiliensis was 0.21, resulting in total mortality within 2 h. Medium Tal. quoyana were the most resistant group surviving 4 h exposure to 75 % RH with R = 0.08. Differences in desiccation tolerances of the two amphipods are not explained by body water content, gill area relationships or the larger maximal size of T. quoyana. Results were combined with those from other talitrids to examine the relationship between gill area, water content, desiccation habitat and oxygen consumption in aerial and aquatic conditions. There were no consistent relationship between gill area, 02 uptake and desiccation resistance. Amphipods show compensatory respiratory adaptation with individuals from all habitats, showing similar rates of oxygen uptake, either in air or in water, whichever was their most usual respiratory medium. Q'O values close to 2.0 were found in all ecomorphological groups. Sandhoppers, including Tal. quoyana, are best able to survive terrestrial conditions associated with a low humidity environment. It is concluded that the water loss characteristics of Tr. chiliensis limit its distribution on sand beaches to areas of high relative humidities.

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“…However, some Australian landhoppers can survive in much drier habitats. Landhoppers have also been caught in pit traps under snow at 1850m (Friend and Richardson, 1986).…”

Section: Downloaded By [University Of Texas Libraries] At 14:24 26 Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several hardy species of Old World landhoppers can survive in remarkably xeric habitats, in comparison with most other landhoppers (Friend and Richardson, 1986). These taxa tend to be synanthropic, and have been introduced in many places, including the southern United States, southern England, and many tropical and subtropical areas (Bousfield 1984).…”

Section: Downloaded By [University Of Texas Libraries] At 14:24 26 Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history of the terrestrial amphipodCerrorchestia hylorainaLindeman (Crustacea: Amphipoda; Talitridae) in a Costa Rican cloud forest

Lindeman

1991

Journal of Natural History

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The field biology of the Costa Rican landhopper (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) Cerrorchestia hyloraina Lindeman was investigated in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. On the Pacific (leeward) side of the continental divide, local distribution follows a gradient of moisture, from densities of over 200 m-2 in the elfin forest at 1600 m, to extremely low densities in drier forest types. Below 1400m, the leaf litter is apparently too dry to support landhopper populations. On the Caribbean (windward) side of the continental divide, landhoppers occur well below 1400m. A discussion of geographic distribution is included. Landhoppers prefer aged (microfaunally pre-processed) leaves as food, and move about only at night or in the mornings of heavily overcast days. Average female fecundity is seven eggs, with progressive loss of marsupium contents over time. The sex ratio is biased towards females. In cloud forest, breeding apparently is continuous throughout the year, with some increase after the beginning of the rainy season. There are 9-10 juvenile instars and 5-6 adult instars. The relationship of antennal segment number to total body length is linear.

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Biology of Terrestrial Amphipods

Cited by 120 publications

References 23 publications

Marine incursion into East Asia: a forgotten driving force of biodiversity

Marine incursion into East Asia: a forgotten driving force of biodiversity

A comparison of water loss and gill areas in two supralittoral amphipods from New Zealand

Natural history of the terrestrial amphipodCerrorchestia hylorainaLindeman (Crustacea: Amphipoda; Talitridae) in a Costa Rican cloud forest

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