Biology of Shore Flies

Foote, B. A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.002221

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Active dispersion of primary consumers of the wrack (e.g. shore Xies) into the forest was likely to be limited because many wrack consumers feed during all life stages on marine detritus (Foote 1995). The high physical complexity of the forest edge further reduces the capacity for passive transport by wind of intertidal wrack consumers inland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine resource flows to terrestrial arthropod predators on a temperate island: the role of subsidies between systems of similar productivity

2008

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Marine-terrestrial resource flows can subsidies recipient consumers at various trophic levels. Theory suggests that the importance of such spatial subsidies depends on the productivity gradient between adjacent systems; however, the empirical data required to test this assumption are scarce. Most studies of marine-terrestrial subsidies have been performed in arid coastal habitats of low productivity surrounded by productive ocean waters. We examined the importance of marine resource inputs for terrestrial consumers on a temperate, productive forest island surrounded by a marine system of similar productivity. The importance of marine resources for the dominant arthropod consumers was estimated using stable isotopes and linear mixing models. We compared isotopic signatures of spiders and ants captured along a gradient from shore to inland to estimate how far marine-derived energy penetrates the island. We evaluated the distribution of ground-dwelling arthropods using pitfall-trap transects extending from the supratidal-forest boundary to the middle of the island. The contribution of marine-derived energy assimilated by arthropod consumers differed both among taxa and location. Marine-derived resources contributed >80% to the assimilated C of intertidal spiders and 5-10% for spiders at the forest edge and further inland. Ants assimilated 20% of their C from marine-derived resources and this proportion was not affected by distance from shore. Spiders, ants, and all arthropods combined exhibited no spatial aggregation towards the shore. Our results indicate that on temperate islands marine-terrestrial subsidies might be predominantly an edge effect, confined to intertidal consumers. Mobile consumers that opportunistically forage in intertidal habitats play an important role in transferring marine-derived energy further inland. This suggests that the importance of the productivity gradient for spatial subsidies can be modified by the mobility traits of the recipient consumers and their degree of specialization on the interface habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine resource flows to terrestrial arthropod predators on a temperate island: the role of subsidies between systems of similar productivity

2008

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“…Species evenness was lower in abandoned treatments than in natural and restored treatments, and species richness was also lower in abandoned sites at Bois-des-Bel and St-Charles. The lower species richness in the abandoned site at St-Charles may be due to the dominance of Scatella stagnalis, which thrives on bare peat (Foote 1995). The presence of that species probably affected the occurrence and colonization patterns of other species, especially small saprophagous acalyptrates that might compete with S. stagnalis for detritus and algae.…”

Section: Effects Of Peat Mining and Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community assembly of Diptera following restoration of mined boreal bogs: taxonomic and functional diversity

Taillefer

Wheeler

2011

J Insect Conserv

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Peat mining causes major degradation to bogs and natural regeneration of these sites is slow and often incomplete. Thus, restoration is an important tool for re-establishing natural ecosystem properties (although perhaps not the original species pool) in mined bogs. Because faunal recovery cannot be taken for granted following plant restoration, we assessed community assembly of higher flies (Diptera: Brachycera) in previously mined bogs 7 years after restoration. Species assemblages in restored sites were compared to those in nearby natural and abandoned mined sites. The three treatment types did not differ significantly in overall species composition, suggesting high resilience to disturbance. However, species richness and evenness were generally lower in abandoned sites than restored and natural sites, which had similar abundance distributions, indicating that restoration enhanced recovery of species diversity and community structure. Functional traits (trophic group, body size) provided a different insight into the status of restored sites. Trophic and small size-class (\5 mm) composition in restored sites were similar to those in abandoned sites. However, high species richness estimates indicated that predators and saprophages successfully colonized restored sites. Species assemblages were mostly affected by coverage of bare peat, Sphagnum mosses and ericaceous shrubs; trophic assemblages were affected by variables directly linked to feeding habits. Our results suggest that active restoration is needed for the renewal of high species and trophic diversity, although it is clear from environmental conditions and functional traits that the restored sites are not yet fully functioning peatlands 7 years after restoration.

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“…Video Supplement 2B shows that the ICW of the S-screen can capture insects blown inside the electric field. This screen uses a strong force to capture various insect pests, including greenhouse pests [whitefly, green peach aphid, western flower thrip, tomato leaf-minor fly, green rice leaf hopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)), and shore fly (Scatella stagnalis Fallen (Diptera: Ephydridae))] (Foote, 1995;Helyer et al, 2004), warehouse and food processing factory pests [cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F. (Hill, 1990;Foster & Walker, 2002), indicating that our method is applicable to a wide range of pest control problems.…”

Section: Insect-capturing Function Of the Single-charged Dipolar Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Promising Physical Pest-Control System Demonstrated in a Greenhouse Equipped With Simple Electrostatic Devices That Excluded All Insect Pests: A Review

Takikawa¹,

Kakutani²,

Matsuda³

et al. 2019

JAS

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Applied electrostatic engineering can be used to construct greenhouses that prevent entry of insect pests. Two types of electric field screen were used to exclude pests from the greenhouse: single- and double-charged dipolar electric field screens (S- and D-screen, respectively). The S-screen consisted of iron insulated conductor wires (ICWs) arrayed in parallel (ICW-layer), a grounded metal net on either side of the ICW-layer, and a direct current voltage generator. S-screens were attached to the side windows of the greenhouse to repel whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) that approached the nets. The D-screen was installed in a small anteroom at the greenhouse entrance to capture whiteflies entering through it. The ICW-layers of the D-screen were oppositely charged with equal voltages and arrayed alternately, and an insulator board or grounded metal net was placed on one side of the ICW-layer. The ICW-layers captured whiteflies entering the electric field of the double-charged dipolar electric field. Three screens equipped with yellow or gray boards or a grounded metal net were installed in the anteroom based on the airflow inside the room, as most whiteflies were brought in by air when the door was opened. Two D-screens with boards were useful for directing the airflow toward the wall with the netted D-screen. This screen eliminated the insects and the pest-free air was circulated inside the greenhouse. The D-screen with the yellow board attracted the whiteflies and was effective for trapping them when there was no wind. Our method kept the greenhouse pest-free throughout the entire period of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation.

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Biology of Shore Flies

Cited by 48 publications

References 80 publications

Marine resource flows to terrestrial arthropod predators on a temperate island: the role of subsidies between systems of similar productivity

Marine resource flows to terrestrial arthropod predators on a temperate island: the role of subsidies between systems of similar productivity

Community assembly of Diptera following restoration of mined boreal bogs: taxonomic and functional diversity

A Promising Physical Pest-Control System Demonstrated in a Greenhouse Equipped With Simple Electrostatic Devices That Excluded All Insect Pests: A Review

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