Biology of Neotropical Cassidinae

Buzzi, Zundir José

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3105-3_32

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Also, their negative effects are in many cases inversely related to the size of the organisms, and so the younger are generally more vulnerable to their harmfulness (Schillinger & Gallun 1968;Tingey & Launbengayer 1981;Hoffman & McEvoy 1986a;Wellso & Hoxie 1988;Van Dam & Hare 1998;Fordyce & Agrawal 2001;Zalucki et al 2002). Considering that many Cassidinae are very closely associated to their hosts (Buzzi 1988(Buzzi , 1994Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995), and that their larvae are relatively small, it is reasonable to expect that they must present adaptations to surpass barriers imposed by high density of trichomes. Here, we found that both Gratiana species present a similar tarsungulus shape that allow larvae to move on the very pubescent leaf surface of their host, S. guaraniticum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Seven species have been ascribed for the neotropical genus Gratiana Spaeth, 1913. Five of them are known to feed on Solanum L. (Solanaceae) and tend to be host specific (Siebert 1975;Buzzi 1988Buzzi , 1994Borowiec 1996Borowiec , 1999Olckers et al 2002). The effects of Solanum trichomes as a defense mechanism against herbivores are widely studied, mainly regarding the role of their exudates (Gibson 1978;Tingey & Gibson 1978;Obrycki & Tauber 1984;Gregory et al 1986;Neal et al 1989;Yencho & Tingey 1994;Hill et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Solanum guaraniticum Hassl (Solanaceae)

Medeiros

Boligon

2007

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Solanum guaraniticum Hassl (Solanaceae)

Medeiros

Boligon

2007

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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“…Larvae are totally exposed as they feed on leaf surfaces, and suffer nearly 65% of total life-cycle mortality, inflicted principally by invertebrate generalist predators such as bugs, ants and wasps (Cox 1996;Olmstead 1996). Of the more than 100 species with host information, the vast majority of diets lie well toward the specialized end of the diet spectrum, typically feeding on one member of a single plant genus (Buzzi 1988;Windsor et al 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compared three tortoise beetle species that feed on vines in the morning glory family Convolvulaceae (Buzzi 1988;Windsor et al 1992). Diet contrast 1 compared A. sparsa Boheman, a specialist on Merremia umbellata, against the generalist, C. alternans Boheman, which feeds on at least seven species in two genera (Jansegers 2004), but was reared on M. umbellata (hereafter referred to as CM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary specialization influences the efficacy of larval tortoise beetle shield defenses

et al. 2005

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Plant chemical defenses and escape from natural enemies have been postulated to select for dietary specialization in herbivorous insects. In field and laboratory bioassays, we evaluated the effectiveness of intact and chemically modified larval shield defenses of the generalist Chelymorpha alternans and the specialists Acromis sparsa and Stolas plagiata (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) against three natural predators, using larvae reared on two morning glory (Convolvulaceae) species. We assessed whether: (1) specialists were better defended than generalists when both were fed and assayed on the same plant; (2) larval shield defenses were chemical, physical, or both; and (3) specialists exploit chemistry better than generalists. Live specialist larvae survived at higher rates than did generalists in predator bioassays with the bug Montina nigripes (Reduviidae), but there were no differences among groups against two species of Azteca ants (Hymenoptera: Dolichoderinae). Solvent leaching by H 2 O or MeOH significantly reduced shield efficacy for all species compared to larvae with intact shields. In contrast, freshly killed specialist larvae exhibited significantly lower capture rates and frequencies than the generalists. Although solvent leaching significantly reduced overall shield efficacy for freshly killed larvae of all species, the pattern of leaching effects differed between specialists and generalists, with H 2 O-leaching having a greater impact on the specialists. The overall vulnerability of the generalists appears due to lower chemical protection, which is ameliorated by increased escape behaviors, suggesting a selective trade-off between these defensive components. These experiments indicate that shield defenses are essential for larval survival and that specialists are superior at exploiting plant compounds residing in the aqueous fraction. Our results support the hypothesis that diet-specialized herbivorous insects have more effective defenses than generalists when both feed on the same plant due to the differential ability to exploit defensive precursors obtained from the host. The evolution of dietary specialization may therefore confer the advantage of enhanced enemy-free space.

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“…Stehr 1991:569) to construct a dorsal structure. This remarkable structure, commonly called a fecal shield, varies considerably in shape and size (Muir and Sharp 1904;Fiebrig 1910;Engel 1935;Gressitt 1952;Buzzi 1988;Windsor et al 1992;Chaboo and Nguyen 2003). By reflexing the abdomen, the larva can direct its shield in any direction.…”

Section: The Coleopterists Bulletin 58(4) 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survivorship of Immature Stages of Eurypedus nigrosignatus Boheman (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Physonotini) in Central Panama

Gómez

2004

The Coleopterists Bulletin

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Larvae of the leaf beetle Eurypedus nigrosignatus Boheman carry fécula and cast skins on their dorsa forming a protective device, commonly called a fecal shield. Survival from egg to adult eclosión, natural enemies, and relation to its hostplant, Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. and Schult. (Boraginaceae) were assessed. Overall survival was 2%; eggs and fourth instars were less susceptible to enemies than were early larval stages and pupae. Prédation accounted for the low survival of larvae, whereas parasitism for a low success rate of pupae. Six different predators including three spiders (Arachnida), a pentatomid, a reduviid (Heteroptera), and an ant (Hymenoptera) were observed. Reared parasitoids included a chalcidid (Hymenoptera) and a tachinid (Diptera). The fecal shield increases in size throughout larval development; however, the shield of prepupal individuals is partially lost. Shield chemical content very closely reassambles that of a particular host plant. Although the lower terpenoid concentration (per weight) in shields decreases with larval development, bigger shields as a unit contain larger amounts. Adults spend the Panamanian dry season buried in the ground directly under host plants. Eurypedus nigrosignatus is under intense selective pressures in Central Panama. ResumenLas larvas del escarabajo Eurypedus nigrosignatus Boheman acumulan heces y mudas sobre su dorso formando un artefacto defensivo lllamado el manto fecal. La sobrevivencia desde la deposición de huevos hasta la eclosión de adultos, los enemigos naturales, y su relation con su planta hospedera Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. and Schult. (Boraginaceae) fue evaluada. La sobrevivencia total fue de 2%; los huevos y el cuarto estadio fueron menos susceptibles a los enemigos que los estadios larvales más jóvenes y las pupas. La depredación fue el principal factor en la sobrevivencia baja de las larvas, mientras que el parasitismo por el bajo rendimiento de las pupas. Se observaron seis depredadores diferentes incluyendo tres especies de arañas (Arachnida), un pentatomido, un reduvido (Heteroptera) y una especie de hormiga (Hymenoptera). Los parasitoides criados en el laboratorio incluyen un chalcido (Hymenoptera) y un taquínido (Diptera). El manto fecal aumento de tamaño a través del desarrollo larvario; sin embargo, el manto se pierde en los estados prepupales. El contenido químico de los mantos es muy similar al de plantas hospederas particulares. Aunque la concentración (por peso) de terpenoids en los mantos disminuye con el desarrollo larvario, los mantos más grandes como una unidad contienen cantidades más altas. Los adultos pasan la temporada seca panameña enterrados en el suelo alrededor de las raíces su planta hospedera. Eurypedus nigrosignatus está bajo presiones selectivas intensas en Panamá central.Many Cassidinae are free-living on exposed plant parts (Windsor et al. 1992). Due to their preference for apical foliage, their presence tends to be predictable, and their vulnerability to enemies high (Jeffries and Lawton 19...

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Biology of Neotropical Cassidinae

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Solanum guaraniticum Hassl (Solanaceae)

Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Solanum guaraniticum Hassl (Solanaceae)

Dietary specialization influences the efficacy of larval tortoise beetle shield defenses

Survivorship of Immature Stages of Eurypedus nigrosignatus Boheman (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Physonotini) in Central Panama

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