Biology of Melanocytes and Primary Melanoma

Zaidi, Mark; Fisher, David E.; Rizos, Helen

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05070-2_42

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 276 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In melanoma, MET is involved in melanomagenesis (melanoma initiation [ 157 ], malignant transformation of melancoyte) and progression. Its overexpression in primary lesions, indicates that it could be an important factor of aggressiveness [ 158 ].…”

Section: Rtk Activation and Alterations In Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma: From Bench to Bedside

Sabbah

Najem

Krayem

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) and PI3K/AKT (Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase and Protein Kinase B) pathways play a key role in melanoma progression and metastasis that are regulated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Although RTKs are mutated in a small percentage of melanomas, several receptors were found up regulated/altered in various stages of melanoma initiation, progression, or metastasis. Targeting RTKs remains a significant challenge in melanoma, due to their variable expression across different melanoma stages of progression and among melanoma subtypes that consequently affect response to treatment and disease progression. In this review, we discuss in details the activation mechanism of several key RTKs: type III: c-KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor); type I: EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor); type VIII: HGFR (hepatocyte growth factor receptor); type V: VEGFR (Vascular endothelial growth factor), structure variants, the function of their structural domains, and their alteration and its association with melanoma initiation and progression. Furthermore, several RTK inhibitors targeting the same receptor were tested alone or in combination with other therapies, yielding variable responses among different melanoma groups. Here, we classified RTK inhibitors by families and summarized all tested drugs in melanoma indicating the rationale behind the use of these drugs in each melanoma subgroups from preclinical studies to clinical trials with a specific focus on their purpose of treatment, resulted effect, and outcomes.

show abstract

Section: Rtk Activation and Alterations In Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma: From Bench to Bedside

Sabbah

Najem

Krayem

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…125 In this sense, several pathways of melanomagenesis have been described, such as mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) (Figure 8). 124,126,127 From the last one, there are two main alterations, the inactivation of p16 CDKN2A and amplification of CCND1, the first genetic (gene mutation or chromosomal rearrangement), or epigenetic (promoters region methylation) mechanisms. Other common mutations are located on NRAS and BRAF genes which belong to MAPK.…”

Section: Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other common mutations are located on NRAS and BRAF genes which belong to MAPK. 124,[126][127][128] The most predominant mutation in melanoma is the replacement of valine for glutamic acid at codon 600. 127,128 This mutation is dependent on RAF/MEK/ERK signaling 129 and over-stimuli cell proliferation leading to a prolonged cell survival.…”

Section: Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Development, Characterization and Use of Liposomes as Amphipathic Transporters of Bioactive Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Reduction of Skin Inflammation: A Review</p>

Castañeda-Reyes

Perea-Flores

Dávila-Ortíz

et al. 2020

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, providing a barrier to the external environment. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The most external epidermis is exposed to stress factors that may lead to skin conditions such as photo-aging and skin cancer. Some treatments for skin disease utilize the incorporation of drugs or bioactive compounds into nanocarriers known as liposomes. Liposomes are membranes whose sizes range from nano to micrometers and are composed mostly of phospholipids and cholesterol, forming similar structures to cell membranes. Thus, skin treatments with liposomes have lower toxicity in comparison to traditional treatment routes such as parenteral and oral. Furthermore, addition of edge activators to the liposomes decreases the rigidity of the bilayer structure making it deformable, thereby improving skin permeability. Liposomes are composed of an aqueous core and a lipidic bilayer, which confers their amphiphilic property. Thus, they can carry hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, even simultaneously. Current applications of these nanocarriers are mainly in the cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. Nevertheless, new research has revealed promising results regarding the effectiveness of liposomes for transporting bioactive compounds through the skin. Liposomes have been well studied; however, additional research is needed on the efficacy of liposomes loaded with bioactive peptides for skin delivery. The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date description of existing techniques for the development of liposomes and their use as transporters of bioactive compounds in skin conditions such as melanoma and skin inflammation. Furthermore, to gain an understanding of the behavior of liposomes during the process of skin delivery of bioactive compounds into skin cells.

show abstract

“…Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that starts from abnormal proliferation of melanocyte cells as a melanin producer. (1) This cancer has a high level of malignancy and is dangerous to the point of causing death. (2,3) Melanoma cancer cases worldwide reach >100.000 cases each year and as many as 66,000 are fatal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Nutmeg Seed (M. fragrans) Extracts Induces Apoptosis in Melanoma Maligna Cell’s (B16-F10)

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans H.), one of native plants of Maluku Indonesia, has long been used as traditional medicines especially to treat tumors, externally to treat skin infections. M. fragrans also has important biological activities as anticancer. However, antimelanoma activity of M. fragrans remains unknown. The aim of this study is to compare M. fragrans extracts as anticancer on melanoma B16-F10 cells by inducing apoptosis.METHODS: M. fragrans seed was extracted with ethanol then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. B16-F10 melanoma cells were cultured and treated with various doses and tested using resazurin reduction assay. Apoptosis signalling via caspase-3 was measured by using western blot.RESULTS: The extract and fractions of M. fragrans reduced viability of cells with IC50 value for ethanol extract 21.83 µg/mL, ethyl acetate fraction 21.66 µg/mL, n-hexane fraction 47.53 µg/mL, and n-butanol fraction >1,000 µg/mL. The active fraction of ethyl acetate induced apoptosis via caspase-3 proteins similar with cisplatin as positive control in B16-F10 cells at 10 hours treatment.CONCLUSION: Taken together, M. fragrans ethyl acetate fraction has the highest IC50 than n-hexane and n-butanol fractions that significantly inhibited B16-F10 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis via caspase-3. It provides the insight that it has the most potential activity as a chemopreventive agent for addressing melanoma skin cancer.KEYWORDS: M. fragrans, apoptosis, fraction, melanoma

show abstract

Biology of Melanocytes and Primary Melanoma

Cited by 13 publications

References 276 publications

RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma: From Bench to Bedside

RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma: From Bench to Bedside

<p>Development, Characterization and Use of Liposomes as Amphipathic Transporters of Bioactive Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Reduction of Skin Inflammation: A Review</p>

The Effect of Nutmeg Seed (M. fragrans) Extracts Induces Apoptosis in Melanoma Maligna Cell’s (B16-F10)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About