Biology of Freshwater Mussels

Patterson, Matthew A.

doi:10.1017/9781108551120.003

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Determining proximate causes is nevertheless important for management and conservation. For example, vaccines, probiotics, or controlled exposure to pathogens to induce resistance might be effective in conditioning mussels in captive rearing facilities, where many species are bred for restoration efforts 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus

Richard

Leis

Dunn

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are among the world's most biodiverse but imperiled taxa. Recent unionid mass mortality events around the world threaten ecosystem services such as water filtration, nutrient cycling, habitat stabilization, and food web enhancement, but causes have remained elusive. to examine potential infectious causes of these declines, we studied mussels in clinch River, Virginia and tennessee, USA, where the endemic and once-predominant pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) has suffered precipitous declines since approximately 2016. Using metagenomics, we identified 17 novel viruses in Clinch River pheasantshells. However, only one virus, a novel densovirus (Parvoviridae; Densovirinae), was epidemiologically linked to morbidity. Clinch densovirus 1 was 11.2 times more likely to be found in cases (moribund mussels) than controls (apparently healthy mussels from the same or matched sites), and cases had 2.7 (log 10) times higher viral loads than controls. Densoviruses cause lethal epidemic disease in invertebrates, including shrimp, cockroaches, crickets, moths, crayfish, and sea stars. Viral infection warrants consideration as a factor in unionid mass mortality events either as a direct cause, an indirect consequence of physiological compromise, or a factor interacting with other biological and ecological stressors to precipitate mortality. Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are important members of freshwater biomes, providing ecosystem services such as water filtration, nutrient cycling and deposition, physical habitat stabilization, and food web enhancement 1. Mussels filter-feed on bacteria, suspended algae, detritus, phytoplankton and zooplankton 2 , removing suspended particulate matter from the water column and from interstitial spaces within the substrate. During periods of low summer discharge in small rivers, mussel assemblages are capable of circulating water as it flows over them, leading to multiple cycles of filtration 3 that can strongly influence ecosystem processes, even at moderate mussel densities 4. Unionids are also gaining attention for their ability to filter out chemical contaminants and water-borne pathogens 5-7. Unfortunately, the order Unionida contains an exceptional number of imperiled taxa. Among North America's 298 recognized unionid species 8 , > 70% are considered endangered, threatened, or vulnerable 9 , with 23 species having gone extinct from the Southeastern United States alone. Historically, habitat destruction (e.g., river impoundments), pollution, sedimentation, over-harvest for commercial use (most notably, pearl harvest and manufacture of shirt buttons from shells ca. 1850-1950) 10 , and competition from invasive species (e.g. the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea, zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, and quagga mussel D. bugensis) 11 have greatly reduced or extirpated many native mussel fauna. These threats have been present since the early twentieth century, mirroring trends in human development and land use 12 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus

Richard

Leis

Dunn

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Colmated stream beds and other adverse habitat conditions to which older and larger mussels are much more resistant than young ones, as well as the absence of a decreased genetic variability of older cohorts compared to younger ones in this study (see e.g. BC-O1,2,3,4 and WE-O1, WE-O2 with ages of more than 10 years), along with the continuous improvements of survival in rearing facilities 32 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 66 clearly suggest that stocking with such cohorts is also a feasible option.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The value and usefulness of captive breeding in fish populations has been subject to a great controversy 61 and the increasing number of captive breeding efforts in freshwater mussels 37 , 38 , particularly in freshwater pearl mussel 11 – 14 , 35 , 36 , makes it necessary to critically reflect on these measures. Our study provides a first analysis of 29 captive-bred annual cohorts of freshwater pearl mussel in comparison to the genetic constitution of populations from their original streams considering four different European countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to make the most of recent advances in freshwater mussel propagation and restoration 37 , consideration of genetic effects during the breeding process and objective evaluation of ongoing breeding activities is needed yet still lacking. In addition to the technical optimization of breeding facilities for freshwater mussels 38 , such information can be useful in identifying the most suitable captive breeding techniques for retaining a maximum of the genetic-evolutionary potential of mussels 3 . The core objective of this study thus was to analyze the genetic constitution of captive-bred freshwater pearl mussels from different European breeding facilities and compare their genetic diversity and differentiation with the original populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Securing genetic integrity in freshwater pearl mussel propagation and captive breeding

Geist

Bayerl

Stoeckle

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Securing genetic integrity is of key importance in conservation-oriented captive breeding programs releasing juveniles into the wild. This is particularly true for species such as the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) for which a number of captive breeding facilities has been established in Europe. The core objective of this study was to compare the genetic constitution of 29 cohorts of captive-bred freshwater pearl mussels from five different breeding facilities in Austria, France, Luxembourg and Germany, with their original 14 source populations from nine major European drainages, based on microsatellite markers. Captive-bred mussels represented 11 different genetic clusters, suggesting an important contribution of the breeding stations to securing the genetic diversity of the species. In almost all cases, the cultured offspring closely resembled the genetic constitution of the source mussels as revealed from the STRUCTURE analysis and the generally high assignment of offspring to the original source populations. The majority of captive-bred cohorts had an increased inbreeding coefficient and decreased genetic variability compared to their source populations as measured by AR and HO. Highest numbers of deformed juveniles coincided with very low levels of HO < 0.05. Since erosion of genetic diversity in captive breeding was mostly evident in individual year-cohorts, long-term breeding over multiple years can minimize such effects. The systematic selection of priority populations for conservation, effective breeding strategies avoiding effects of in- and outbreeding by genetically informed selection of parent individuals, and a network of collaboration among the different breeding facilities would be very useful to increase resilience and effectiveness.

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“…An unusual reproductive strategy resembling r-selection has recently been described in some unionids. It consists of breeding a huge number of small larvae (with low cost) that can cause a very high infestation of the host fish (Barnhart et al 2008;Haag 2013;Patterson 2018).…”

Section: Current Concept Of Bivalve Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permian Non-Marine Bivalves From the Collio and Guncina Formations (Southern Alps, Italy): Revised Biostratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography

Silantiev

Marchetti

Ronchi

et al. 2022

RIPS

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Non-marine bivalves are key fossils in Permian continental stratigraphy and palaeogeography. Although known since the end of 19th century, the occurrences from the continental basins of the Southern Alps have never been extensively studied. The non-marine bivalves from the Lower Permian Collio Formation (Brescian pre-Alps) are herein revised, and those from the Guncina Formation (Athesian District) are described for the first time. These two units yielded non-marine bivalves belonging to the genus Palaeomutela sensu lato, which is widespread in the Permian continental successions of eastern Euramerica. Three Palaeomutela morphotypes have been herein described: oval-subtriangular, subtrapezoidal and elongated. The latter includes several specimens herein assigned to Palaeomutela (Palaeanodonta) berrutii sp. nov. and dominates the Collio Formation association. The Guncina Formation yielded also the genus Redikorella, for the first time co-occurring on the same stratigraphic horizon of Palaeomutela, herein assigned to Palaeomutela (Palaeanodonta) guncinaensis sp. nov. To-date, it was generally accepted that the first members of the genera Palaeomutela and Redikorella occurred during the Ufimian (late Kungurian of the global scale) in the non-marine basins of the Cis-Ural Foredeep and of Angara, respectively. Such new finds in the early-middle Kungurian of southwestern Europe, well constrained by radioisotopic dating, suggest new global first appearance (First Appearance Datum) and a possible new center of origin of these genera. This fact raises new questions on biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology, which will require further research. If we assume that the genera Palaeomutela and Redikorella had only one center of origin, we need to hypothesise possible migration routes from SW Europe to the continental basins of Eastern Europe and Angara. Apparently, such migration could be better supported by a Pangaea B palaeogeographic configuration.

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Biology of Freshwater Mussels

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus

Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus

Securing genetic integrity in freshwater pearl mussel propagation and captive breeding

Permian Non-Marine Bivalves From the Collio and Guncina Formations (Southern Alps, Italy): Revised Biostratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography

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