Biology of autoreactive extrathymic T cells and B-1 cells of the innate immune system

Abo, Toru; Tomiyama, Chikako; Watanabe, Hirotaka

doi:10.1007/s12026-012-8324-4

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Although cumulate evidence shows that CD4 + T cells play critical role in the protection against blood-stage malaria (Doolan et al 2009;Good and Doolan 2010;Hafalla et al 2011), there is report suggests that CD8 + T cells is also involved by producing IFN-γ (Imai et al 2010 (Mannoor et al 2002;Abo et al 2012). It remains to be elucidated if these cells were activated by Lm inoculation in our experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Listeria monocytogenes Inoculation Protects Mice against Blood-Stage Plasmodium yoelii Infection

Han

Zhang

et al. 2013

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) has been used as the adjuvant or vector for tumor and viral vaccine for its capability of eliciting all aspects of cell-mediated immunity including T cell activation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. These effector components play critical roles in the protection against Plasmodium infection in both human malaria and mouse models. Therefore, immune response induced by Lm infection may benefit the defense against malaria. To test this hypothesis, we employed blood-stage Plasmodium yoelii (PyL) infected mice and challenged them with Lm. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice that are sensitive to PyL infection were used in experiments. These two strains are resistant and sensitive, respectively, to Lm infection. The outcomes of double infection with PyL and Lm and the changes of immune response were investigated. We found that live Lm inoculation inhibited PyL multiplication in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Lm inoculation increased production of IFN-γ, infiltration of CD11b-positive macrophages and generation of nitric oxide in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice at day 5 after parasite infection. Both CD4-and CD8-positive T cells contributed to IFN-γ production induced by Lm inoculation in PyL-infected mice. The protective effect of Lm against PyL infection depended on the viability of the bacteria. Live Lm, rather than heat-killed Lm, stimulated early IFN-γ production which provided essential cytokine environment for the development of Th1 response in PyL-infected mice. Our data show for the first time that Lm inoculation has protective effect against blood-stage murine malaria, which provides a new clue for enhancing antiPlasmodium immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Listeria monocytogenes Inoculation Protects Mice against Blood-Stage Plasmodium yoelii Infection

Han

Zhang

et al. 2013

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…They are mainly CD4 + , are restricted by CD1d molecules, and display a LGL-morphology. There exist two populations, i.e., NK1.1 + TCR int (NKT cells) and NK1.1 – TCR int (Abo et al, 2012). Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells express the invariant TCRα (Vα14-Jα18) in mice and Vα24-Jα18 in humans and respond to various lipids in context with the non-classical MHC I molecule CD1d (Bendelac et al, 2007).…”

Section: Liver-inherent Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) They can also detect insults in further distant tissues and then act as modulators of the global immune status. (iii) They might play a role in liver autoimmune diseases upon tolerance breakdown (Nemeth et al, 2009; Abo et al, 2012). …”

Section: Liver-inherent Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver-inherent immune system: its role in blood-stage malaria

2014

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The liver is well known as that organ which is obligately required for the intrahepatocyte development of the pre-erythrocytic stages of the malaria-causative agent Plasmodium. However, largely neglected is the fact that the liver is also a central player of the host defense against the morbidity- and mortality-causing blood stages of the malaria parasites. Indeed, the liver is equipped with a unique immune system that acts locally, however, with systemic impact. Its main “antipodal” functions are to recognize and to generate effective immunoreactivity against pathogens on the one hand, and to generate tolerance to avoid immunoreactivity with “self” and harmless substances as dietary compounds on the other hand. This review provides an introductory survey of the liver-inherent immune system: its pathogen recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and its major cell constituents with their different facilities to fight and eliminate pathogens. Then, evidence is presented that the liver is also an essential organ to overcome blood-stage malaria. Finally, we discuss effector responses of the liver-inherent immune system directed against blood-stage malaria: activation of TLRs, acute phase response, phagocytic activity, cytokine-mediated pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, generation of “protective” autoimmunity by extrathymic T cells and B-1 cells, and T cell-mediated repair of liver injuries mainly produced by malaria-induced overreactions of the liver-inherent immune system.

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“…Thus there are tissues and organs that produce more antibodies; the bone marrow as the primary hematopoietic organ is an immune regulatory organ capable of fine tuning immunity and may be a potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy and immune vaccination , produces T and B cells (Nagasawa, 2006;Abo et al, 2012;Calvi & Link, 2014), and red blood cells (Calvi & Link, 2014). On the other hand the liver, the thymus and the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis kill more bacteria than the spleen itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is how most bacteria that enter the bloodstream are taken up and eliminated within the liver, elimination that depends on the complex interaction of Kupffer cells and bactericidal neutrophils that immigrate rapidly to the liver in response to infection (Gregory & Wing, 2002;Holub et al, 2009). The thymus provides a niche for the successful development of T cells and B-1 cells (Shah & Zúñiga-Pflücker, 2014;Abo et al, 2012). On the other hand, the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis modulates the inflammatory response during sepsis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Splenic Injury and Splenectomy: An Overview Based on Available Evidence

Manterola

Otzen

2016

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:Splenectomy indications are hematologic disease, traumatic damage and iatrogenic injury. The aim of this study was to present an evidence-based overview of some clinical aspects of interest related with iatrogenic splenic injury and subsequent splenectomy. An overview of the available evidence was conducted. Articles that evaluated clinical aspects of interest related with iatrogenic splenic injury and subsequent splenectomy, without language limits, publication date and designs. BVS, PubMed, SciELO and TRIP databases were reviewed. Evaluated variables were: Frequency and etiology of surgical spleen injuries, treatment options, frequency of splenectomy, associated postoperative morbidity (POM) and mortality, recommendation for splenectomy. Classification of the available evidence was made using the classification proposed by Oxford Centre of Evidence-based Medicine. 1144 records were obtained. 1109 were discarded for not meeting eligibility criteria, or were not relevant for the purpose of this research. Finally, the study consisted of 35 articles, 3 of evidence level type 3a, 31 of evidence level type 4 and 1 of evidence level type 5. Splenectomy is a complication of common abdominal procedures, prevalence and incidence of iatrogenic splenic injury is underestimated because of lack of information, there is evidence of risk factors of surgical spleen injuries, the etiology of surgical spleen injuries are bariatric, esophagogastric, antireflux, colorectal, abdominal vascular and urological procedures. POM in patients undergoing splenectomy is more frequent in emergency splenectomy secondary to trauma. There was no significant risk reduction of infectious complications after implementation of routine vaccination. Available evidence is based on few and heterogeneous articles, which make a meaningful conclusions difficult. Studies with better evidence levels, methodological quality and population size are needed for conclusions and recommendations.

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Biology of autoreactive extrathymic T cells and B-1 cells of the innate immune system

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Inoculation Protects Mice against Blood-Stage <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> Infection

<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Inoculation Protects Mice against Blood-Stage <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> Infection

Liver-inherent immune system: its role in blood-stage malaria

Incidental Splenic Injury and Splenectomy: An Overview Based on Available Evidence

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