Biology and origin of bioactive peptides in milk

Schanbacher, F.L.; Talhouk, Rabih; Murray, Finnie A.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(97)00082-1

Cited by 84 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…An increase in WP fractions is usually evidence of mammary gland inflammation (Sordillo et al, 1997;Urech et al, 1999). The high content of IG and SA in mammary secretion derives mostly by paracellular passage through disrupted tight junctions, or by enhanced specific IG receptors during involution or intramammary inflammation (Schanbacher et al, 1997). Milk LF comes from the degranulation of blood neutrophils (Neville and Zhang, 2000;Sordillo et al, 1997), which were the only type of somatic cells that increased in sheep milk as the SCC rose (Cuccuru et al, 1997), and from mammary cell synthesis (Sanchez et al, 1992;Schanbacher et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high content of IG and SA in mammary secretion derives mostly by paracellular passage through disrupted tight junctions, or by enhanced specific IG receptors during involution or intramammary inflammation (Schanbacher et al, 1997). Milk LF comes from the degranulation of blood neutrophils (Neville and Zhang, 2000;Sordillo et al, 1997), which were the only type of somatic cells that increased in sheep milk as the SCC rose (Cuccuru et al, 1997), and from mammary cell synthesis (Sanchez et al, 1992;Schanbacher et al, 1997). Although mastitis was detected by visual inspection in only two ewes during the experiment, about 50% of the ewes could be considered as potentially infected according to Bergonier and Berthelot's rule (2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of lactation stage, parity, β-lactoglobulin genotype and milk SCC on whey protein composition in Sarda dairy ewes

Nudda

Feligini

Battacone

et al. 2003

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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In 90 Sarda dairy ewes the effects of lactation stage, parity, β-lactoglobulin genotypes, and somatic cell count (SCC) on the milk content of total protein (TP), casein (CN), whey protein (WP) and its fractions α-lactalbumin (ALA), β-lactoglobulin (BLG), serum albumin (SA), immunoglobulin (IG) and lactoferrin (LF) were analysed using a linear mixed model. Mean values of variables (g/l) were: TP (54.0), CN (43.0), WP (11.0), BLG (4.78), ALA (1.37), SA (0.61), IG (3.83) and LF (0.28). The lactation stage significantly affected all the variables analysed. TP, CN and WP concentrations tended to increase throughout lactation, with the increase of WP being more pronounced than the corresponding variation in CN. There was no definite trend in BLG content, whereas ALA concentration decreased as lactation progressed. The parity affected almost all variables studied. WP concentration differed significantly only between the second and fourth parity (10.45 vs 11.44 g/l). BLG and SA concentrations were significantly lower in the youngest ewes. The BLG genotype affected milk yield, but no effects were observed on the components of the milk. The SCC influenced almost all variables studied. The TP concentration was significantly higher in milk with SCC >1,000,000 (55.0 g/l) than in milk with lower SCC (53.4 g/l). This was mainly due to the increase of WP (12.52 and 10.24 g/l in milk with SCC above and below 1,000,000/ml respectively), especially in those WP fractions originating from blood. TP (54,0), CN (43,0), WP (11,0), BLG (4,8), ALA (1,4), SA (0,61), IG (3,83) e LF (0,28

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lactation stage, parity, β-lactoglobulin genotype and milk SCC on whey protein composition in Sarda dairy ewes

Nudda

Feligini

Battacone

et al. 2003

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…Defining the situation is therefore necessary to defining the benefit itself. The development of the mammary gland throughout evolution illustrates the progression and context of the mammary gland to success of the offspring [3].…”

Section: The Biology Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Evolution, Structures and Bioselectivity as Substrates for Intestinal Bacteria

German

Freeman

Lebrilla

et al. 2008

Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Pediatric Program

197

170

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Human milk contains a high concentration of diverse soluble oligosaccharides, carbohydrate polymers formed from a small number of monosaccharides. Novel methods combining liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry have identified approximately 200 unique oligosaccharides structures varying from 3 to 22 sugars. The increasing complexity of oligosaccharides follows the general pattern of mammalian evolution though the concentration and diversity of these structures in homo sapiens are strikingly. There is also diversity among human mothers in oligosaccharides. Milks from randomly selected mothers contain as few as 23 and as many as 130 different oligosaccharides. The functional implications of this diversity are not known. Despite the role of milk to serve as a sole nutrient source for mammalian infants, the oligosaccharides in milk are not digestible by human infants. This apparent paradox raises questions about the functions of these oligosaccharides and how their diverse molecular structures affect their functions. The nutritional function most attributed to milk oligosaccharides is to serve as prebiotics -a form of indigestible carbohydrate that is selectively fermented by desirable gut microflora. This function was tested by purifying human milk oligosaccharides and providing these as the sole carbon source to various intestinal bacteria. Indeed, the selectively of providing the complex mixture of oligosaccharides pooled from human milk samples is remarkable. Among a variety of Bifidobacteria tested only Bifidobacteria longum biovar infantis was able to grow extensively on human milk oligosaccharides as sole carbon source. The genomic sequence of this strain revealed approximately 700 genes that are unique to infantis, including a variety of co-regulated glycosidases, relative to other Bifidobacteria, implying a co-evolution of human milk oligosaccharides and the genetic capability of select intestinal bacteria to utilize them. The goal of ongoing research is to assign specific functions to the combined oligosaccharide-bacteria-host interactions that emerged from this evolutionary pressure.

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“…Table 1 shows some known bioactive peptides derived from milk protein and their biological activity. Since milk replacers and feed- (Kostyra and Kostyra, 1992;Wong et al, 1996;Meisel, 1997Meisel, , 1998Rudloff and Kunz, 1997;Schanbacher et al, 1997;Tirelli et al, 1997;Dziuba et al, 1999;Yamamoto and Takano, 1999) (Rao, 1991;Koldovsky et al, 1995;Smith-Kirwin et al, 1998;Xu, 1998;Zabielski, 1998) …”

Section: Definition Of Bioactive Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These milk bioactive substances are particularly important during the first days of postnatal life for the development of the gastrointestinal tract as well as for induction of the neonate's own endocrine system. In the following pages I will briefly review only just a few of them, for more details please refer to a number of extensive reviews published in the last 15 years (Thornburg and Koldovsky, 1987;Koldovsky etal., 1988Koldovsky etal., ,1995Rao, 1991;Grosvenor et al, 1992;Schlimme and Meisel, 1995;Xu, 1996Xu, , 1998Guimont et al, 1997;Rudloff and Kunz, 1997;Schanbacher et al, 1997;Tirelli et al, 1997;Zinn, 1997;Meisel, 1998;Zabielski, 1998;Yamamoto and Takano, 1999;Blum and Hammon, 2000;Xu et al, 2000). Following the recent discovery of leptin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and high leptin concentrations in the colostrum and milk (Aoki et al, 1999;Ucar et al, 2000), a new question arose on the potential involvement of leptin in the development of the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Role Of Bioactive Peptides Present In Milk For the Sucklingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive peptides in young animal nutrition

Zabielski¹

2001

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Maternal milk contains a number of bioactive peptides and proteins important for the development of the gastrointestinal tract. This article briefly reviews information on milk insulin, insulinlike growth factors, and epidermal growth factor. Since recently leptin has been found in maternal milk, a more detailed overview of leptin's effects on gastrointestinal tract function is presented. The physiological importance of milk leptin needs, however, further investigation. In contrast to milk, artificial milk formulas contain markedly lower amounts of bioactive peptides.

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Biology and origin of bioactive peptides in milk

Cited by 84 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of lactation stage, parity, β-lactoglobulin genotype and milk SCC on whey protein composition in Sarda dairy ewes

Effects of lactation stage, parity, β-lactoglobulin genotype and milk SCC on whey protein composition in Sarda dairy ewes

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Evolution, Structures and Bioselectivity as Substrates for Intestinal Bacteria

Bioactive peptides in young animal nutrition

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