Biology and Laboratory Rearing of<i>Episimus utilis</i>(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Candidate for Classical Biological Control of Brazilian Peppertree (Anacardiaceae) in Florida

Martin, Cliff G.; Awadzi, Kezia D.; Medal, Julio; Habeck, Dale; Pedrosa-Macedo, José Henrique

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-33.5.1351

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Included in these studies were the reports by Krauss (1962Krauss ( , 1963 wherein he listed a species of "Gracillaria" (= Caloptilia) mining leaves of S. terebinthifolius in Salvador and Bahia and a species of Parornix mining leaves in Sao Paulo. Three insects were selected for further studies in Florida: the leaffeeding sawfly Heteroperreyia hubrichi Malaise (Hymenoptera: Pergidae), the sap-feeding thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini Hood (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), and the defoliating caterpillar E. unguiculus (= utilis) (Medal et al 1999;Hight et al 2002;Martin et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biology and Systematics of the Leafmining Gracillariidae of Brazilian Pepper Tree,Schinus terebinthifolius raddi, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species)

Davis

Kay²,

Oleiro³

et al. 2011

Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society

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ABSTRACT. Recent surveys in southern Florida, USA, Brazil and Argentina, for biological control agents to assist in the control of the invasive Brazilian peppertree, have discovered several previously unknown species of plant mining Lepidoptera of the family Gracillariidae. Morphological descriptions with summaries of their biology for the following four new species and one new genus are presented: Caloptilia schinusifolia Davis and Wheeler, from Brazil and possibly Argentina; Eucosmophora schinusivora Davis and Wheeler, from Argentina and Brazil; Leurocephala schinusae Davis and Mc Kay, new genus and species, from Argentina and Brazil; and Marmara habecki Davis, new species, from Florida, USA. The larvae of all four species exhibit a hypermetamorphic development consisting of early instar sapfeeding and later instar tissue feeding stages typical for members of Gracillariidae. Larvae of M. habecki were also observed to possess an additional nonfeeding, transitional instar prior to the final instar as is typical for the genus (Wagner et al. 2000). Larvae of the new genus Leurocephala were discovered to undergo an intermediate, nearly apodal tissue feeding stage between the sapfeeding and final tissue feeding instars. Unique specimens representing an additional three species of Gracillariidae also have been reared from this tree in Argentina or Brazil, but these could not be identified because of inadequate material. COI barcodes were obtained for Marmara habecki, M. smilacisella, and an undescribed Marmara from Brazil. Each species was separated by a minimum barcode divergence of > 4.5% (Fig. 111).

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Biology and Systematics of the Leafmining Gracillariidae of Brazilian Pepper Tree,Schinus terebinthifolius raddi, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species)

Davis

Kay²,

Oleiro³

et al. 2011

Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society

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“…Three of the insects-a defoliating sawfly Heteroperreyia hubrichi Malaise (Hymenoptera: Pergidae), a shoot and flower attacking thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini Hood (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), and a defoliating tortricid moth Episimus utilis Zimmerman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) that was introduced into Hawaii for biological control of Brazilian peppertree in the 1950s, were studied in quarantine and appear to be sufficiently host specific to release in Florida , Cuda et al2002b, Hight et al 2003, Martin et al 2004). …”

Section: Classical Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Episimus utilis Zimmerman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Martin et al (2004) investigated the biology of the leafrolling tortricid moth E. utilis in quarantine while establishing a laboratory colony for conducting host range tests. Adults (Fig.…”

Section: Appendices Appendix I Classical Biological Control Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older larvae bind single leaflets into the characteristic cylindrical roll that is usually associated with E. utilis in nature. A cohort of approximately 35 larvae is capable of completely defoliating a 0.5 m tall Brazilian peppertree potted plant in less than 3 weeks (Martin et al 2004).…”

Section: Appendices Appendix I Classical Biological Control Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…as well as an undescribed species of Apanteles. According to Martin et al (2004), larvae of E. utilis imported from Brazil often were parasitized by Apanteles sp. and Cotesia sp.…”

Section: Appendices Appendix I Classical Biological Control Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Calophya latiforceps, a New Species of Jumping Plant Lice (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Associated withSchinus terebinthifolius(Anacardiaceae) in Brazil

Burckhardt

Manrique

Díaz

et al. 2011

Florida Entomologist

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Influence of host-plant quality on the performance of Episimus unguiculus, a candidate biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree in Florida

2008

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Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), introduced from South America, invades a variety of habitats in Florida (e.g. disturbed sites, coastal mangrove forests). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of host-plant quality on the performance of Episimus unguiculus Clarke (=E. utilis Zimmerman) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Brazilian peppertree. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using Brazilian peppertrees exposed either to different salinity levels (0, 6, 12 parts per thousand), or to different nutrient levels (low, medium, high). Higher survival (55%) and faster development (32 day) to adulthood was observed on plants grown in fresh-water environments (0 ppt) compared to low (6 ppt) or high-salinity environments (12 ppt). In addition, higher survival (40%), faster development (34 day) and higher fertility (88% eggs hatched) occurred in high-nutrient treatments. Based on these results, field releases should be conducted in favorable habitats (e.g., low salinity, high fertility soils) to maximize the possibility of establishment and population growth of E. unguiculus in Florida.

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Biology and Laboratory Rearing ofEpisimus utilis(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Candidate for Classical Biological Control of Brazilian Peppertree (Anacardiaceae) in Florida

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Biology and Systematics of the Leafmining Gracillariidae of Brazilian Pepper Tree,Schinus terebinthifolius raddi, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species)

Biology and Systematics of the Leafmining Gracillariidae of Brazilian Pepper Tree,Schinus terebinthifolius raddi, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species)

Calophya latiforceps, a New Species of Jumping Plant Lice (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Associated withSchinus terebinthifolius(Anacardiaceae) in Brazil

Influence of host-plant quality on the performance of Episimus unguiculus, a candidate biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree in Florida

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