Biology and epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte carriage: Implication for malaria control and elimination

Alemayehu, Aklilu

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00295

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(519 reference statements)

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“…The P. vivax infected and swollen RBCs due to gametocyte development are flexible and can pass splenic filtration helps to stay all stages together in the peripheral blood. 13 The unique biological features and genetic variability of the P. vivax parasites certainly present a challenge in eradicating malaria in Ethiopia. 47,48 For all P. vivax confirmed infections, typical symptoms were fever as well as headache and fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Gametocytogenesis is influenced by epigenetic, ecological, and heritable factors associated with the parasite. 13 The occurrence of gametocytogenesis is also influenced by factors associated with human hosts such as immunity status, antimalaria drug treatment and genetic factors. 14,15 The distribution of P. vivax in Duffy-negatives across Ethiopia as well as the parasite stages of these infections remain largely unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and characteristics ofPlasmodium vivaxGametocytes in Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations across Ethiopia

Little,

Shenkutie,

Negash

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Plasmodiumparasites replicate asexually in the human host. The proportion of infections that carries gametocytes is a proxy for human-to-mosquito transmissibility. It is unclear what proportion ofP. vivaxinfections in Duffy-negatives carries gametocytes. This study aims to determine the prevalence ofP. vivaxin Duffy-negatives across broad regions of Ethiopia and characterize parasite stages. Finger-prick blood samples were collected for microscopic and molecular screening ofPlasmodiumparasites and Duffy status of individuals. Molecular screening of plasmodium species and Duffy blood group genotyping was done using SYBR green and Taqman qPCR method. Among the total 447 samples, 414 (92.6%) wereP.vivaxconfirmed and, 16 (3.9%) of them were from Duffy-negatives. Of these, 5/16 (31.3%) Duffy-negativeP.vivax-infected samples were detected with gametocytes. Of the 398 Duffy-positiveP.vivax-infected samples, 150 (37.7%) were detected with gametocytes, slightly higher than that in Duffy-negatives. This study highlights the presence ofP. vivaxgametocytes in Duffy-negative infections, suggestive of human-to-mosquito transmissibility. AlthoughP. vivaxinfections in Duffy-negatives are commonly associated with low parasitemia, some of these infections were shown with relatively high parasitemia and may represent better erythrocyte invasion capability ofP. vivaxand hidden reservoirs that can contribute to transmission. A better understanding ofP. vivaxtransmission biology and gametocyte function particularly in Duffy-negative populations would aid future treatment and management of vivax malaria in Africa

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics ofPlasmodium vivaxGametocytes in Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations across Ethiopia

Little,

Shenkutie,

Negash

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This nding is consistent with the ndings of previous studies that were undertaken in Merti District (31) and West Guji Zone (33) in Ethiopia. Given their ineligibility to radical cure antimalarial drugs such as PQ, it is physiologically and epidemiologically plausible that participants with a history of malaria in the last year living in P. falciparum and P. vivax co-endemic area could have higher risk of relapse (1,17,59).…”

Section: The Overall Prevalence Of Amip Among Pregnant Women Attendin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy and associated risk factors in Majang Zone, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: A hard-to-reach malaria hotspot

Alemayehu,

Abossie,

Zeynudin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy (AMiP) is a daunting public health problem with multifaceted adverse outcomes for mothers, fetuses, newborns and beyond. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of AMiP in Majang Zone, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 pregnant women attending the ANC clinics of five health facilities in the Majang Zone from November 01, 2022, to February 28, 2023. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and antimalarial intervention data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Capillary blood specimen was collected to diagnose malaria and anemia as well as determine blood group. Malaria was diagnosed by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Statistical analyses were done by SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. The associations between dependent and independent variables were assessed by multivariable binary logistic regression considering P < 0.05 statistically significant. The magnitude of associations was quantified with the AOR along with the corresponding 95% CI. Results The prevalence of AMiP was 11.3%, 11.7%, and 15.3% by RDT, microscopy and qPCR, respectively. More than half of the infections were due to P. falciparum (55.4%). Moderate parasitemia accounted for half (50.8%) of the overall infection severity and a geometric mean asexual parasitemia was 2,683/µl. Approximately 32.3% of pregnant women with AMiP carried gametocytes with a geometric mean density of 1,213/µl. Not using ITN in the last week (AOR: 9.43 95% CI: 1.57, 56.62), having a history of malaria in the last year (AOR: 2.26 95% CI: 1.16, 4.42), lack of IRS spraying in the last year (AOR: 3.00 95% CI: 1.50, 6.00), and ANC contact less than two (AOR: 4.28 95% CI: 2.06, 8.87) were identified as risk factors associated with AMiP. Conclusion The prevalence of AMiP was high, and remained as an important public health problem in the study area. The identified risk factors should be considered to mitigate AMiP in the study area.

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“…Several efforts have been made in the world to mitigate its spread among humans, especially by the World Health Organization (WHO). Recent studies on malaria elimination have been in the area of studying the epidemiology of the plasmodium falciparum, which is the carrier and distributor of malaria in humans [18] with the aim to eliminate its spread worldwide. Several mitigation efforts like the use of treated mosquito nets and easy access to antimalarial drugs have been explored, however the spread of malaria in the world seems insurmountable.…”

Section: Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk areas using multi-criteria decision making in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Olagundoye,

Goparaju

2023

JGC

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Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans posing as a severe public health problem in which Nigeria has the highest number of global cases. Geospatial technology has been widely used to study the risk and factors associated with malaria hazard. The present study is conducted in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. The objective of this study is to map out areas that are at high risk of the prevalence of malaria by considering a good number of factors as criteria that determine the spread of malaria within Ibadan using Open source and Landsat remote sensing data, and further analysis in GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). This study considered factors like climatic, environmental, socio-economic, and proximity to health centers as criteria for mapping malaria risk. The MCE used a weighted overlay of the factors to produce an element at risk map, malaria hazard map, and vulnerability map. These maps were overlaid to produce the final malaria risk map which showed that 72% of Ibadan has a risk of malaria prevalence. Identification and delineation of risk areas in Ibadan would help policy makers and decision managers to mitigate the hazard and improve the health status of the state.

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Biology and epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte carriage: Implication for malaria control and elimination

Cited by 7 publications

References 170 publications

Prevalence and characteristics ofPlasmodium vivaxGametocytes in Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations across Ethiopia

Prevalence and characteristics ofPlasmodium vivaxGametocytes in Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations across Ethiopia

Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy and associated risk factors in Majang Zone, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: A hard-to-reach malaria hotspot

Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk areas using multi-criteria decision making in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

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