Biology and Demography of Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) Reared on Cucumbers

Abstract

Helopeltis bradyi is often used as for research and is required in large numbers. The insects were obtained from cacao plants and reared with cucumber fruit in the laboratory. This study aimed to determine the biology and demography of H. bradyi reared on cucumber under laboratory conditions. The demographic parameters observed were net reproduction rate (Ro), gross reproduction rate (GRR), intrinsic growth rate (r), average generation period (T), and population doubling (DT). The results showed that the egg stage lasted for 6.33 ± 0.47 days, the developmental period of the I‒V instar nymph was 2.13 ± 0.34, 2.07 ± 0.25, 2.13 ± 0.34, 2.33 ± 0.47, and 3.20 ± 0.40 days. The lifespan of male imagoes were 32.33 ± 4.92 days, and female imagoes were 24.60 ± 6.64 days. The adult female pre-oviposition period was 2.2 ± 0.40 days and oviposition period of 22.9 ± 4.66 days. H. bradyi has a type III survival curve which indicated high mortality rates during the first instar egg and nymph population. Demographic statistics of H. bradyi on cucumbers fruit are GRR of 296 individuals per generation, Ro of 196 individuals per parent per generation, rate of r of 0.18 individuals per parent per day, T of 29.34 days, and DT of 3.85 days.

Business Analysis of Black Ear Mushroom (Auricularia polytrhica (Mont.) Sacc.) in Berjo Village, Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency

“…Pests that attack the cultivation of fungi respondents 1 and 2 were mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae). Mites attack at all stages of black ear mushroom, ranging from pure cultures, seedlings, samples, to growing medium [25]. Therefore, mites are infectious.…”

Population Demographics of Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) from Three Different Locations

“…The highest number of eggs was produced from a pair of H. bradyi originating from cacao plants in Sleman District, followed by Kulon Progo District and Batang District, respectively 88 (Table 1), 28 (Table 2), and 14 eggs/ generation (Table 3). Research conducted by Simanjuntak et al (2022) on H. bradyi from Kulon Progo which was also reared using cucumber at 28−30°C showed that three pairs of imago were able to produce 304 eggs.…”

“…The changes that occur continuously encouraged H. bradyi to adapt and be able to maintain the population size. Simanjuntak et al (2022), stated that young Helopeltis were not able to adapt to changes in feeding sources and disturbances when the rearing area was cleaned. This is supported by Sétamou et al (1999), which stated that the survival of the insect H. bradyi was strongly influenced by the type of host plant, even though it is classified as a polyphagous insect.…”

“…There are several species of Helopeltis in Indonesia, viz. Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis bradyi, and has been conducted by Simanjuntak et al (2022). To provide more comprehensive information, this study will compare the biology and demography of H. bradyi from three locations and two different hosts, viz.…”