Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) on faba bean (Vicia faba) cultivars

Abstract

The performance of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on five faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) cultivars was evaluated. Colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. Two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. After 14 d , the number of apterous adult, nymphs, and total cowpea aphids were significantly lower in cultivar Gazira2 and highest on cultivar Misr1. Assuming that low aphid numbers per plant represented high resistance, the order of resistant cultivars was as follows: Gazira2 > Misr > Giza3 Improved > Goff1 > Misr1. Aphid infestation significantly inhibited plant growth compared with uninfested plants, as indicated by factorial analysis using plant height ( F = 41.38, P < 0.0001). The detached-leaf biological assay showed that the cultivar Gazira2 was less suitable than Misr1 because it had longer prereproductive, reproductive, and post reproductive periods, longer total longevity, and lower number of progeny. Similarly, demographic parameters also justified the suggested lower suitability of Gazira2 compared with Misr1, indicated by significantly lower net reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, but longer generation time and doubling time on Gazira2. It was shown that cowpea aphid performed differently on the whole plant as compared with detached leaves. The detached-leaf biological assay is recommended for future experiments because it is more accurate and efficient and it produces reliable data.

Relationships Between Aphids (Insecta: Homoptera: Aphididae) and Slugs (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Agriolimacidae) Pests of Legumes (Fabaceae:Lupinus)

“…In each container were three plants of the studied cultivars of lupin or pea. The development of aphids was observed using a modified method earlier described by Soffan and Aldawood (2014) . On each of the plants there were placed three aphids at stage L2 in the first year, and five aphids at stage L3 in the second year of the study.…”

“…The aphid Aphis craccivora (Koch, 1854), is a species whose development is almost entirely anholocyclic and takes place on a single type of plant. It is widespread throughout the world, occurring chiefly in warm and tropical regions ( Blackman and Eastop 2006 ; Soffan and Aldawood 2014 ). It grazes on plants from 80 different families, chiefly Asteraceae and Fabaceae ( Szelęgiewicz 1968 ; Holman 2009 ), and carries plant viruses ( Jones and Proudlove 1991 ; Berlandier et al.…”

“…1997 ). Populations of A. craccivora can grow rapidly ( Talati and Butani 1980 ; Soffan and Aldawood 2014 ) and can cause significant damage to legume crops, particularly beans, peas, alfalfa and lupin ( Holtkamp and Bishop 1983 ; Kamphuis et al. 2012 ; Strażyński et al.…”

Electrical Penetration Graph monitored feeding behavior of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. (Hemiptera:Aphididae), on faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae), cultivars

“…This study was conducted to evaluate cowpea aphid feeding behavior on five selected faba bean cultivars by using EPG. In particular, EPG recording was expected to reveal a possible resistance factors in cultivar Gazira2 which had been previously reported to have more resistance to cowpea aphid compared to other cultivars (Misr, Giza3i, Goff, and Misr1) (Soffan & Aldawood, 2014).…”

Afit: a bioinformatic tool for measuring aphid fitness and invasiveness

“…Literature shows a large amount of studies on the adaptive success of many aphid species with an agronomic and/or forestry impact, in connection with both abiotic factors, such as temperature, photoperiod, presence of pollutants, volatile compounds (Kieckhefer & Elliott, 1989; Michels & Behle, 1989; Girma et al ., 1990; Hildebrand et al ., 1993; Nowierski et al ., 1995; Hughes & Bazzaz, 2001; Merrill et al ., 2009; Conti et al , 2010), and biotic factors, such as different host plants and crowding (Judge & Schaefers, 1971; Kidd & Tozer, 1984; Behle & Michels, 1990; Ronquist & Ahman, 1990; Miller et al ., 2003; Merrill et al , 2008; Randolph et al ., 2008; Ma & Bechinski, 2009; Takalloozadeh, 2010; Taheri et al ., 2010; Pucherelli et al , 2011; Mehrparvar et al ., 2013; Soffan & Aldawood, 2013; Lu et al ., 2016). The effects of ants, predators, parasitoids and symbionts on aphid fitness have also been analyzed (Costello & Altierim, 1995; Chen et al ., 2000; Asin & Pons, 2001; Giles et al ., 2002; Stadler et al ., 2002; Leonardo, 2004; Sakurai et al ., 2005; Stadler & Dixon, 2005; Merrill et al ., 2009; Ramalho et al ., 2015).…”