Biology and Bioinformatics of Myeloma Cell

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder that occurs in about 10% of all hematologic cancers. The majority of patients (99%) are over 50 years of age when diagnosed. In the bone marrow (BM), stromal and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the production of blood cells. Therefore any destruction or/and changes within the BM undesirably impacts a wide range of hematopoiesis, causing diseases and influencing patient survival. In order to establish an effective therapeutic strategy, recognition of the biology and evaluation of bioinformatics models for myeloma cells are necessary to assist in determining suitable methods to cure or prevent disease complications in patients. This review presents the evaluation of molecular and cellular aspects of MM such as genetic translocation, genetic analysis, cell surface marker, transcription factors, and chemokine signaling pathways. It also briefly reviews some of the mechanisms involved in MM in order to develop a better understanding for use in future studies.

Genetics and epigenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes and response to drug therapy: new insights

“…These approaches have been dramatically used in various cancer predictions even in hematologic malignancies such as myeloma. 95,96 Information flow between in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches is receiving universal appreciation among scientists; thus, their role in cancer research has been highly considered in the last decades (Figure 1). …”

Molecular Regulation of Bone Marrow Metastasis in Prostate and Breast Cancer

“…Runx2/CBF β mediates inhibition of OB differentiation in MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing sclerostin as an antagonist of Wnt signaling. Sclerostin functions as Dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) in MM and is involved in osteolytic metastasis by inhibiting Wnt signaling and OB differentiation [30, 46]. GM-CSF is also a key target for NF- κ B, and increased expression of it in breast cancer is associated with NF- κ B activity.…”

New role of hypoxia in pathophysiology of multiple myeloma through miR-210

“…Other characteristics are the presence of monoclonal antibodies in the serum and urine, kidney failure, and osteopenia (Hideshima et al, 2004[ 17 ]). Bone is one of the most common sites of complication in MM progression and bone remodeling gets definitively perturbed during disease progression (Abroun et al, 2012[ 1 ]). Devastating complications also include osteolytic lesions, bone pain, and hyper-calcemia (Abroun et al, 2012[ 1 ]).…”

“…Bone is one of the most common sites of complication in MM progression and bone remodeling gets definitively perturbed during disease progression (Abroun et al, 2012[ 1 ]). Devastating complications also include osteolytic lesions, bone pain, and hyper-calcemia (Abroun et al, 2012[ 1 ]). MM cells suppress differentiation and activation of osteoblast by secreting cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (Frassanito et al, 2001[ 13 ]; Abroun et al, 2012[ 1 ]).…”