Biologization of Collagen-Based Biomaterials Using Liquid-Platelet-Rich Fibrin: New Insights into Clinically Applicable Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a blood concentrate derived from venous blood that is processed without anticoagulants by a one-step centrifugation process. This three-dimensional scaffold contains inflammatory cells and plasma proteins entrapped in a fibrin matrix. Liquid-PRF was developed based on the previously described low-speed centrifuge concept (LSCC), which allowed the introduction of a liquid-PRF formulation of fibrinogen and thrombin prior to its conversion to fibrin. Liquid-PRF was introduced to meet the clinical demand for combination with biomaterials in a clinically applicable and easy-to-use way. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the interaction of the liquid-PRF constituents with five different collagen biomaterials by histological analyses. The results first demonstrated that large variability existed between the biomaterials investigated. Liquid-PRF was able to completely invade Mucograft® (MG; Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and to partly invade Bio-Gide® (BG; Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and Mucoderm® (MD; Botiss Biomaterials, Berlin, Germany), and Collprotect® (CP; Botiss Biomaterials, Berlin, Germany) showed only a superficial interaction. The BEGO® collagen membrane (BCM; BEGO Implant Systems) appeared to be completely free of liquid-PRF. These results were confirmed by the different cellular penetration and liquid-PRF absorption coefficient (PAC) values of the evaluated membranes. The present study demonstrates a system for loading biomaterials with a complex autologous cell system (liquid-PRF) in a relatively short period of time and in a clinically relevant manner. The combination of biomaterials with liquid-PRF may be clinically utilized to enhance the bioactivity of collagen-based biomaterials and may act as a biomaterial-based growth factor delivery system.

Proteomic Analysis of Porcine-Derived Collagen Membrane and Matrix

“…Three lots of porcine peritoneum-derived collagen membrane (Bio-Gide ® , Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and three lots of collagen matrix (Mucograft ® , Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) derived from porcine peritoneum and skin without cross-linking [ 35 ] were prepared for proteomic analysis. Standardized fragments (1 cm × 1 cm) of the biomaterial were cut and submerged in a solution of 1 mL 1% Rapigest (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) in 50 mM triethylammonium bicarbonate (TEAB, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for dissolving proteins eventually bound to the membrane.…”

Type I Collagen-Fibrin Mixed Hydrogels: Preparation, Properties and Biomedical Applications

“…This first strategy has been mostly used to modify collagen-based materials, such as sponges or membranes, with fibrin, with the main goal of improving the integration of the biomaterial to the surrounding tissues [117,118]. The porous structure of the initial material and the impregnation method regulate the penetration depth of the fibrin precursor solution so that the fibrin gel may be formed only on the surface of the collagen scaffold, resulting in a bi-layered construct, or fill the whole porous volume [101]. One example Considering interactions of cells with the two types of hydrogels, several reports show better adhesion on fibrin-than on collagen-based constructs, which may be attributed to stronger interactions of some integrins with the former [109][110][111].…”

Histological and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Applying a Bioactive Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin to a Perforated Schneiderian Membrane in a Maxillary Sinus Elevation Model

“…Although an absorbable CM has been proposed, there is no standard treatment for the repair of SM perforation when the size is less than 5 mm. Most of the following qualities should be present in a proper tissue-healing membrane regarding perforated SM A CM is a double-layered absorbable barrier membrane that has been widely used in guided bone/tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) (Rothamel et al, 2005;Dimitriou et al, 2012;Al-Maawi et al, 2019;Schorn et al, 2019). The back layer is exposed to the bony defect, allowing osteogenic cells to immigrate to the repair site, while the front layer is exposed to the soft tissue and used to prevent soft tissue ingrowth (Lang et al, 1994;Schorn et al, 2019).…”