Biologisches Abbauverhalten von Anion/Kationtensid- Komplexen unter den aeroben und anaeroben Bedingungen der Abwasser- bzw. Schlammbehandlung

Janicke, W.; Hilge, G.

doi:10.1515/tsd-1979-160302

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…e Equal weight is essentially equal molar. Owing to their net positive charge, it has been suggested that quaternary ammonium surfactants in wastewater tend to complex with anionic surfactants such as LAS which are present (3,11). This complexation capability was investigated in our study to determine if the microbial toxicity of OTAC could be mitigated, thereby allowing biodegradation to occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adsorption Coefficient. Adsorption results are reported as Kd, the solid/solution partition coefficient, which is defined by eq 3 Kd " ^solids / ^solution (^)…”

Section: Exponential Decay Model Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitroguanidine is a nitroimino compound that exists in two tautomeric forms. Form A predominates in acidic, neutral or slightly basic media (3) The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the susceptibility of nitroguanidine to microbial degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and distribution of a quaternary ammonium surfactant, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC), in wastewater treatment

Games¹,

King²,

Larson³

1982

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The distribution and transformation of a quaternary ammonium surfactant, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) , were studied in laboratory-scale activated-sludge systems a t various initial concentrations. OTAC was removed and extensively biodegraded when tested at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/L. Quantitative adsorption data indicated that greater than 99% of OTAC was adsorbed to wastewater solids within 30 min of initial exposure. Biodegradation of sorbed OTAC was slower than adsorption and followed apparent first-order kinetics. The half-life for OTAC primary biodegradation was about 2.5 h, based on the first-order rate constant. Mineralization of 14C-labeled methyl and C1-alkyl carbons occurred at somewhat slower rates, with half-lives of 28 and 40 h, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adsorption Coefficient. Adsorption results are reported as Kd, the solid/solution partition coefficient, which is defined by eq 3 Kd " ^solids / ^solution (^)…”

Section: Exponential Decay Model Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and distribution of a quaternary ammonium surfactant, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC), in wastewater treatment

Games¹,

King²,

Larson³

1982

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Aquatic safety assessment for cationic surfactants

Lewis

Wee

1983

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The first comprehensive evaluation of the environmental safety of three similar cationic surfactants to aquatic life is reported. Toxicity tests were conducted that exposed freshwater and marine species, representing three trophic levels, to the dialkyl dimethyl ammonium compounds. The studies were conducted in a high-quality laboratory water and in river waters that were used to model realistic receiving streams. Most current laboratory test methods for the assessment of chemical effects on aquatic life do not consider the physical and chemical properties of the test material in surface waters. This safety assessment shows that these considerations are important in developing realistic conclusions about the ecological safety of cationic surfactants. In tests using river water, acute and chronic toxicities and bioconcentration were considerably less than those in corresponding tests conducted in filtered laboratory waters. This reduction in toxicity andor uptake was attributable to the aqueous insolubility of the surfactants, strong adsorption to natural solids and tendency to form chemical complexes with anionic substances. The mean ratio of the concentration of anionic to cationic surfactants in municipal sewage treatment plant effluent is 4: 1. Safety margins were calculated for daphnids and fathead minnows using the ratio of the no observed effect concentration, determined from chronic toxicity tests, to mean measured surface water concentrations. Safety margins for fish and daphnids were 7 and 11, respectively, for a river having a low wastewater effluent dilution factor of 10. For a river with a higher dilution factor of 150, the values were 115 (fish) and 190 (daphnids). Projected safety margins for marine invertebrates and fish were several orders of magnitude greater than those for freshwater species. Based on available information and expected usage levels, the projected environmental impact of these surfactants on aquatic life is minimal.

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Toxic effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, quaternary alkylammonium chloride and their complexes onDunaliellasp. andChlorella pyrenoidos

Utsunomiya

Watanuki

Matsushita

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The toxic effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), quaternary alkylammonium chlorides (cationic surfactants[CS]), and their complexes (LAS‐CS) were examined in Dunaliella sp. by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of glycerol and in Chlorella pyrenoidosa by growth inhibition. The glycerol content decreased quantitatively with increased concentrations of LAS, CS, and LAS‐CS complexes. The 24‐h median effective concentration (EC50] values of LAS and CS in free form were 0.38 to 18 mg/L and the toxic effects were in the order alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (TM) > alkyldimethylbenzylam‐monium chloride (BM) > LAS > dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (DM). The 24‐h EC50 values of LAS‐CS complexes at molar ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 were 1.3 to 13 and 5.6 to 9.6 mg/L as LAS‐equivalent concentration, respectively. The order of toxic effects was LAS‐TM > LAS = LAS‐BM > 2LAS‐BM > 2LAS‐DM > 2LAS‐TM > LAS‐DM. The toxic effect of LAS was enhanced by equimolar complex formation with TM. The 96‐h EC50 values of LAS and CS on the inhibition of growth in C. pyrenoidosa were 0.28 to 29 mg/L for the compounds in free form and their toxic effects were in the order TM > BM ≫ DM > LAS. The 96‐h EC50 values of LAS‐CS complexes at molar ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 were 1.4 to 59 and 11 to 86 mg/L, respectively, and the order of toxic effects was LAS‐BM > LAS‐TM > 2LAS‐BM > 2LAS‐TM > LAS > LAS‐DM > 2LAS‐DM. The toxic effects of LAS were also enhanced by the formation of complexes with TM or BM at molar ratio of 1:1 and 2:1. Thus, not only LAS but also its CS complexes might exert toxic effects on organisms in the environment.

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Biologisches Abbauverhalten von Anion/Kationtensid- Komplexen unter den aeroben und anaeroben Bedingungen der Abwasser- bzw. Schlammbehandlung

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Fate and distribution of a quaternary ammonium surfactant, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC), in wastewater treatment

Fate and distribution of a quaternary ammonium surfactant, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC), in wastewater treatment

Aquatic safety assessment for cationic surfactants

Toxic effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, quaternary alkylammonium chloride and their complexes onDunaliellasp. andChlorella pyrenoidos

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