Biologicals, platelet apoptosis and human diseases: An outlook

Thushara, R. M.; Hemshekhar, Mahadevappa; Basappa, Basappa; Kemparaju, K.; Rangappa, K. S.; Girish, K. S.

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.11.002

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Among other cells such as endothelial and immune cells, PLTs are able to form PMPs which play a pivotal role in immunology and vascular biology. These particles are thought to be of significant clinical relevance as they can bind to and interact with macrophages, neutrophil granulocytes, and endothelial cells [102,103]. They were first described already in 1967 by Wolf et al [104].…”

Section: Platelet Microparticles (Pmp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Platelets FROM Apheresis and Buffy-Coat-Derived Platelet Concentrates

Neumüller¹,

Ellinger²

2015

The Transmission Electron Microscope - Theory and Applications

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Platelet concentrates are produced in order to treat bleeding disorders. They can be provided by apheresis machines or by pooling of buffy coats from four blood donations. During their manufacturing and storage, morphological alterations of platelets occur which can be demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Alterations range from slight and reversible changes, such as formation of small cell protrusions and swelling of the surface-connected open canalicular system, to severe structural changes, where platelets undergo transitions from discoid to ameboid shapes as a consequence of platelet activation. These alterations end in delivery of the contents of platelet granules as well as platelet involution caused by apoptosis and necrosis processes denoted as the platelet release reaction. Hereby, the involvement of the network of the open canalicular system, helping to deliver the contents of platelet granules into the surrounding milieu via pores, is distinctly shown by electron tomography. As a consequence of platelet activation, a delivery of differently sized microparticles takes place which is thought to play an important role in the adverse reactions in some recipients of platelet concentrates. In this article, the formation and delivery of platelet microparticles is illustrated by electron tomography. Above all, the ultrastructural features of platelets and megakaryocytes are discussed in the context of the molecular characteristics of the plasma membrane and organelles including the different granules and the expression of receptors engaged in signaling during platelet activation. Starting from the knowledge of the ultrastructure of resting and activated platelets, a score classification is presented, allowing the evaluation of different activation stages in a reproducible manner. Examples of evaluations of platelet concentrates using electron microscopy are briefly reviewed. In the last part,

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Section: Platelet Microparticles (Pmp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Platelets FROM Apheresis and Buffy-Coat-Derived Platelet Concentrates

Neumüller¹,

Ellinger²

2015

The Transmission Electron Microscope - Theory and Applications

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“…These compounds were able to interfere with blood clotting, most probably via the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase. Tomasiak et al (2004) also proved that impairment of mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome oxidase) by nitric oxide (NO) or mitochondrial complex IV reduced mitochondrial energy production, which in turn inhibited platelet aggregation and secretion, thus demonstrating that platelet-activated coagulation depends on adequate mitochondrial respiratory function.…”

Section: Platelet Function Regulation and Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several studies reported on the effects of various compounds to induce platelet apoptosis via the mitochondria pathway. Another chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin, increased ROS production, induced the mitochondrial translocation of the proapoptotic Bax with subsequent mitochondrial membrane depolarization (Thushara et al 2015). Of note, two of increasingly used supplements, resveratrol and melatonin, were reported to also induce platelet apoptosis via Bax translocation into mitochondria, increase cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation (Thushara et al 2015).…”

Section: Platelet Mitochondrial Function In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Platelet Respiration as Emerging Biomarker of Disease

Dǎnilǎ

et al. 2019

Physiol Res

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Mitochondrial dysfunction is currently acknowledged as a central pathomechanism of most common diseases of the 21st century. Recently, the assessment of the bioenergetic profile of human peripheral blood cells has emerged as a novel research field with potential applications in the development of disease biomarkers. In particular, platelets have been successfully used for the ex vivo analysis of mitochondrial respiratory function in several acute and chronic pathologies. An increasing number of studies support the idea that evaluation of the bioenergetic function in circulating platelets may represent the peripheral signature of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolically active tissues (brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle). Accordingly, impairment of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral platelets might have potential clinical applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic tool as well as a biomarker in treatment monitoring. The aim of this minireview is to summarize current information in the field of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in both acute and chronic diseases.

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“…27) Platelet apoptosis produces microparticles, in which a variety of constituents are enclosed, including transcription factors and mRNA. 25,28,29) Among the microparticles in human blood, platelet-derived microparticles (0.1-1 µm) are the most numerous (approx. 240 × 10 3 /mL), 30,31) although they are far fewer in number than platelets themselves.…”

Section: Current Understanding Of Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Platelet Behaviors as Defenders and Guardians: Accumulations in Liver, Lung, and Spleen in Mice

Shibazaki

Otsuka

et al. 2019

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Systemic platelet behaviors in experimental animals are often assessed by infusion of isotope-labeled platelets and measuring them under anesthesia. However, such procedures alter, therefore may not reveal, real-life platelet behaviors. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT or serotonin) is present within limited cell-types, including platelets. In our studies, by measuring 5HT as a platelet-marker in non-anesthetized mice, we identified stimulation-and time-dependent accumulations in liver, lung, and/or spleen as important systemic platelet behaviors. For example, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intragingival injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria), interleukin (IL)-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced hepatic platelet accumulation (HPA) and platelet translocation into the sinusoidal and perisinusoidal spaces or hepatocytes themselves. These events occurred "within a few hours" of the injection, caused hypoglycemia, and exhibited protective or causal effects on hepatitis. Intravenous injection of larger doses of LPS into normal mice, or intravenous antigen-challenge to sensitized mice, induced pulmonary platelet accumulation (PPA), as well as HPA. These reactions occurred "within a few min" of the LPS injection or antigen challenge and resulted in shock. Intravenous injection of 5HT or a catecholamine induced a rapid PPA "within 6 s." Intravenous LPS injection, within a minute, increased the pulmonary catecholamines that mediate the LPS-induced PPA. Macrophage-depletion from liver and spleen induced "day-scale" splenic platelet accumulation, suggesting the spleen is involved in clearing senescent platelets. These findings indicate the usefulness of 5HT as a marker of platelet behaviors, and provide a basis for a discussion of the roles of platelets as both "defenders" and "guardians."

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Biologicals, platelet apoptosis and human diseases: An outlook

Cited by 56 publications

References 56 publications

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Platelets FROM Apheresis and Buffy-Coat-Derived Platelet Concentrates

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Platelets FROM Apheresis and Buffy-Coat-Derived Platelet Concentrates

Assessment of Platelet Respiration as Emerging Biomarker of Disease

Dynamics of Platelet Behaviors as Defenders and Guardians: Accumulations in Liver, Lung, and Spleen in Mice

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