Biologically Active Triterpene Saponins fromBupleurum fruticosum

Abstract

Extracts of the root of B. fruticosum L. showed in a biological screening hemolytical activity, hepatoprotective and phagocytosis stimulating effects, and a specific inhibitory activity of leucine aminopeptidase. Further monitoring of the fraction with antihepatotoxic activity led to the isolation of an hepatoprotective saikosaponin identified as buddlejasaponin IV and the new malonylbuddlejasaponin IV, determined as saikogenin F-3-O-[6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the chemical and spectroscopic data.

Genus Bupleurum: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and modes of action

“…(+) PGE2 production [84,92] Saikosaponin B2 (+) PGE2 production [73,84,92] (-) Human coronavirus (HCoV) replication Saikogenin D (-) PGE2 production [95] B. fruticescens Butanol extract (-) Acute inflammation [96] Methanol extract (-) 5-LOX, COX-1 [97] Essential oil (-) Acute inflammation [17] Fruticesaponin B (-) Acute inflammation [96] B. fruticosum Petroleum ether extract (-) IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, PGE2 [98] Essential oil (-) Acute and chronic inflammation [18,99] Oxytocin antagonism Antifungal Saikosaponin fraction Hepatoprotective against DMN [100] Morinin L (-) IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, NF-kB [101] Buddlejasaponin IV Hepatoprotective against DMN [100] B. gibraltaricum Methanol extract (-) Acute inflammation [102] Essential oil (-) Acute and chronic inflammation [16,19] Oxytocin antagonism Antibacterial, antifungal Saikosaponin I (-) Acute inflammation [102] B. kaoi Saponin-rich fraction Hepatoprotective against CCL4 [103][104][105][106] (-) sGOT, sGPT, AST and ALT levels (+) IFN-g level Cytotoxic against A549 cell line Water extract (+) IFN-g and GSH levels [66,105] (-) Coxsackie B1 replication Polysaccharide-rich fraction (-) sGOT and sGPT levels [105] (+) IFN-g and GSH levels…”

“…Both the saponin fraction and the isolated compound were ineffective against hepatic damage caused by chloroform whereas they showed substantial hepatoprotective effects against d-galactosamine, similar to the widely used natural hepatoprotective compound silybin. [100] An in-vitro study of the extract and its saponin-rich fractions of a native Taiwanese species, B. kaoi, revealed significant protection of primary hepatocytes against chloroform damage. [103,104] The results demonstrated that oral pretreatment of rats with the extracts at concentrations below 0.5 mg/ml 3 days before a single dose of CCl4 significantly lowered the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers aspartae aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).…”

Chemopreventive effect of saikosaponin-d on diethylinitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis: Involvement of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein�β and cyclooxygenase-2

“…Saikosaponin-d (SSD) is a triterpene saponin extracted from Bupleurum falcatum L. (Umbelliferae), a herb used to cure chronic liver diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (28). SSD exhibits multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects (29)(30)(31).…”

Isolation of Saponins with the Inhibitory Effect on Nitric Oxide, Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. Production from Pleurospermum kamtschaticum

“…Our physical and spectroscopic data was in accordance with the literature data on buddlejasaponin IV. 8) It has been previously reported that buddlejassaponin IV has an antihepatotoxic effect. 8) Acid hydrolysis of compound 2 also led to the finding that the sugar moieties were D-fucose and D-glucose, and that the triterpene (artifact) of compound 1 was saikogenin A.…”

“…8) It has been previously reported that buddlejassaponin IV has an antihepatotoxic effect. 8) Acid hydrolysis of compound 2 also led to the finding that the sugar moieties were D-fucose and D-glucose, and that the triterpene (artifact) of compound 1 was saikogenin A. Although acid hydrolysis of compounds 1 and 2 produced diverse artifacts of the sapogenin, further chromatographic isolation of the hydrolysates yielded sakogenin A (3) and -H (4) as artifact sapogenins.…”