Biologically Active Lipids from S. Scombrus

Rementzis, John; Antonopoulou, Smaragdi; Argyropoulos, Dimitris S.; Demopoulos, Constantinos A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0179-8_12

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Concerning the initial studies on the effects of fish oils towards platelet aggregation and the PAF-pathway [ 230 , 231 , 233 , 234 , 235 , 237 ], in 1996 Rementzis et al reported the inhibitory activity of marine PLs from mackerel ( S. scombrus ) against PAF and thrombin induced aggregation of platelets [ 84 ]. Thus, for the first time providing evidence that the anti-PAF effects of fish oil towards platelet aggregation can be attributed to marine PLs and not to the ω-3 PUFAs.…”

Section: Marine Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

2017

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In this review paper, the latest literature on the functional properties of phospholipids in relation to inflammation and inflammation-related disorders has been critically appraised and evaluated. The paper is divided into three sections: Section 1 presents an overview of the relationship between structures and biological activities (pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory) of several phospholipids with respect to inflammation. Section 2 and Section 3 are dedicated to the structures, functions, compositions and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary phospholipids from animal and marine sources. Most of the dietary phospholipids of animal origin come from meat, egg and dairy products. To date, there is very limited work published on meat phospholipids, undoubtedly due to the negative perception that meat consumption is an unhealthy option because of its putative associations with several chronic diseases. These assumptions are addressed with respect to the phospholipid composition of meat products. Recent research trends indicate that dairy phospholipids possess anti-inflammatory properties, which has led to an increased interest into their molecular structures and reputed health benefits. Finally, the structural composition of phospholipids of marine origin is discussed. Extensive research has been published in relation to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and inflammation, however this research has recently come under scrutiny and has proved to be unreliable and controversial in terms of the therapeutic effects of ω-3 PUFA, which are generally in the form of triglycerides and esters. Therefore, this review focuses on recent publications concerning marine phospholipids and their structural composition and related health benefits. Finally, the strong nutritional value of dietary phospholipids are highlighted with respect to marine and animal origin and avenues for future research are discussed.

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Section: Marine Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

2017

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“…Increased permeability of the dysfunctional endothelium [21] permits large molecules such as Ox-LDLs and blood cells, to migrate to the subendothelium through cell junctions. Ox-LDLs undergo irregular scavenger receptor-me- Compound isolated from white wine (Robola), X: Compound isolated from must (Robola) (see reference [62]); XI, XII: compounds isolated from fish (S. scombrus) (see references [15,66]). diated uptake.…”

Section: Propagation Of Atherogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet activating factor — a molecular link between atherosclerosis theories

Demopoulos

Karantonis

Antonopoulou

2003

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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153

167

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The most common causes of death in westernized societies remain heart disease and stroke. For this reason the prevention of atherosclerosis is a major objective of modern medicine. Platelet‐Activating Factor (PAF, 1‐O‐alkyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine) is a crucial mediator in the inflammatory response. PAF is synthesized by several types of cells, including platelets, monocytes, macrophages, foam cells and endothelial cells upon activation. Many experimental data reveal that atherogenic activities of oxidized LDLs can be attributed to PAF and PAF‐like lipids, which render these molecules the initiators of atherosclerosis.Several theories have been formulated for atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the significance of PAF and PAF‐like lipids during the early stages of atherosclerosis. Secondly to link the biological action of PAF molecules to the most accepted, current hypotheses of atherosclerosis. Thirdly to propose a mechanism for the initiation and propagation of atherosclerosis by PAF.The mechanism we propose offers a new biochemical approach and may help to explains the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet. Mediterranean foods contain a significant number of lipid‐like components with anti‐PAF action in vitro. The comsumption of PAF antagonist from Mediterranian foods inhibits the development of atherosclerosis. Such observations suggest that our hypothesis serves as a sound basis for further research.

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“…Absence of such antagonists can result to uncontrolled PAF activity [2]. Such PAF antagonists have been isolated from various food stuffs like yogurt [19], honey [20], wine [21–23], fish [24, 25], and olive oil [4, 26], which constitute food stuffs of the Mediterranean diet, thus enhancing our understanding of this diet's beneficial effects on health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antithrombotic and Antiatherosclerotic Properties of Olive Oil and Olive Pomace Polar Extracts in Rabbits

Tsantila

Karantonis

Perrea

et al. 2007

Mediators of Inflammation

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Olive oil polar lipid (OOPL) extract has been reported to inhibit atherosclerosis development on rabbits. Olive pomace polar lipid (PPL) extract inhibits PAF activity in vitro and the most potent antagonist has been identified as a glycerylether-sn-2-acetyl glycolipid with common structural characteristics with the respective potent antagonist of OOPL. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPL on early atherosclerosis development on rabbits and to compare it with the antiatherosclerotic effect of OOPL. OOPL and PPL inhibition potency, towards both PAF action and PAF binding, was tested in vitro on washed rabbit platelets. Consequently, rabbits were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). All groups were fed atherogenic diet for 22 days. Atherogenic diets in groups B and C were enriched with OOPL and PPL, respectively. At the end of the experimental time, rabbits were euthanized and aortic samples were examined histopathologically. OOPL and PPL inhibited PAF-induced aggregation, as well as specific PAF binding, with PPL being more potent. Free and bound PAF levels and PAF-AH activity were significantly elevated at the end of the experimental time. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were also found increased. Groups B and C exhibited significantly increased values of EC50 compared to group A. Histopathological examination revealed that the development of early atherosclerosis lesions in groups B and C were significantly inhibited compared to group A. Significant differences were noted in the early atherosclerosis lesions between groups B and C, thus indicating that PPL exhibit its anti-atherosclerotic activity by blocking PAF receptor. Specific PAF antagonists with similar in vitro and in vivo bioactivity to those that have been previously reported in OOPL exist in PPL.

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Biologically Active Lipids from S. Scombrus

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Platelet activating factor — a molecular link between atherosclerosis theories

Antithrombotic and Antiatherosclerotic Properties of Olive Oil and Olive Pomace Polar Extracts in Rabbits

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