Biological variation of Zn, Cu, and Mg in serum of healthy subjects

González-Revaldería, J; García-Bermejo, S; Menchén-Herreros, A; Fernández-Rodríguez, E.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/36.12.2140

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The same applies to levels after short periods of maximal exercise as lower serum levels are observed after endurance exercises [ 58 , 59 ] and also during the third trimester of pregnancy. There is also intra-individual variability [ 60 ]. Moreover, measurements are strongly affected by haemolysis (and therefore by a delay in separating blood), and by bilirubin [ 59 ].…”

Section: Assessment Of Magnesium Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium basics

Jahnen-Dechent

Ketteler

2012

Clinical Kidney Journal

862

783

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As a cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions, magnesium fulfils various intracellular physiological functions. Thus, imbalance in magnesium status—primarily hypomagnesaemia as it is seen more often than hypermagnesaemia—might result in unwanted neuromuscular, cardiac or nervous disorders. Measuring total serum magnesium is a feasible and affordable way to monitor changes in magnesium status, although it does not necessarily reflect total body magnesium content. The following review focuses on the natural occurrence of magnesium and its physiological function. The absorption and excretion of magnesium as well as hypo- and hypermagnesaemia will be addressed.

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Section: Assessment Of Magnesium Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium basics

Jahnen-Dechent

Ketteler

2012

Clinical Kidney Journal

862

783

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“…Second, when interpreting serial results, the clinician must decide whether a change between consecutive results is significant, possibly requiring clinical intervention, or can be accounted for by a combination of biological variation and analytic imprecision. Regarding use of the reference range, serum Cu has an index of individuality of 0.41, which is low (ie, a ratio of intraindividual variation to interindividual variation) 90 . Consequently, results within the reference range do not exclude the possibility that there has been a disease‐related change in concentration that is highly significant for the individual.…”

Section: Assessment Of Cu Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding serial results, critical difference values can help clinicians interpret the significance of changes. Serum Cu has been reported to have a critical difference of 2.3 µmol/L (14.6 µg/L), suggesting that a relatively small change between consecutive results is likely to be significant 90 . Critical differences should ideally be determined by all clinical laboratories because the values are influenced by analytic imprecision, which varies among laboratories 91 …”

Section: Assessment Of Cu Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Copper Provision in the Parenteral Nutrition of Adults

Livingstone

2016

Nut in Clin Prac

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ReviewCopper (Cu) is an essential trace element (TE) required for metabolism in all living cells. It has been known to be an essential component of parenteral nutrition (PN) since 1972.1 Provision of the correct amount of Cu is necessary, not only to avoid deficiency and toxicity, but also to promote optimal recovery.2 This article covers the relevant physiology of Cu. It then discusses Cu deficiency and toxicity and examines the evidence behind the recommendations on Cu provision in PN. It provides practical guidance on assessment of Cu status and Cu requirements. The article focuses on adults because provision of Cu in pediatric PN has recently been covered elsewhere, 3 but pediatric studies have been cited where considered appropriate. PhysiologyCu is among the 3 most abundant transition metals in biological systems, the other 2 being iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The human body contains around 100 mg of Cu, more than half of which is in bone and muscle. The highest concentrations are in liver, kidney, and brain, reflecting the high metabolic activity of these organs.2 Only 5% is in blood, about 95% of this being bound to ceruloplasmin (Cp) and the remainder to albumin and amino acids. 4 The serum Cu concentration therefore largely reflects the Cp concentration and is affected by factors influencing Cp. Intracellular Cu is usually bound to chaperones and other proteins because free Cu is potentially harmful to cells.Cu, which functions as a component of cuproproteins, has a variety of physiologic roles. For example, it is required for humoral immunity and production of inflammatory cytokines. 5,6 It was recently suggested that the immune system uses Cu intoxication as a means of intracellular bacterial killing. 7,8 Cu is required for the physiologic response to low Fe stores. It is needed for absorption of dietary Fe, release of Fe from hepatocytes and production of hemoglobin.9 Cp oxidizes Fe from the ferrous to ferric state, enabling its transport by transferrin and subsequent use in erythropoiesis. Superoxide dismutase is an antioxidant cuproenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide, which is then reduced to water.10 Cu is also necessary for wound healing because it is required for the synthesis of collagen.The average daily oral intake of Cu is 1.0-1.6 mg, which exceeds the RDA of 0.9 mg.11 Dietary Cu is absorbed mainly in the stomach and upper small intestine.2,12 About 55%-75% of dietary Cu is absorbed, which is a high proportion as compared AbstractThe essential trace element copper (Cu) is required for a range of physiologic processes, including wound healing and functioning of the immune system. The correct amount of Cu must be provided in parenteral nutrition (PN) if deficiency and toxicity are to be avoided. While provision in line with the standard recommendations should suffice for most patients, Cu requirements may be higher in patients with increased gastrointestinal losses and severe burns and lower in those with cholestasis. The tests of Cu status that are c...

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“…Разработаны функциональные пробы для оценки содержания магния в сыворотке крови -нагрузочная проба магнием, при выполнении которой оценивается уровень задержанного в организме в течение 24 часов иона магния после введения известной расчетной дозы. Вместе с тем, отмечают низкую чувствительность гипомагниемии в отражении истинного дефицита магния, поскольку отсутствует корреляция между сывороточным и внутритканевым содержанием магния [6][7][8]. О дефиците магния свидетельствует снижение концентрации Мg 2+ в эритроците менее 1,6 ммоль/л.…”

Section: содержание магния в организме и его определениеunclassified

Magnesium in Clinical Practice

Трисветова

2012

Racionalʹnaâ farmakoterapiâ v kardiologii

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Магний относится к макроэлементам, необходимым для нормальной жизнедеятельности организма. Дефицит магния, возникающий в результате влияния экзогенных и эндогенных факторов, диагностируют по клиническим проявлениям, напоминающим известные болезни. Коррекцию дефицита магния проводят препаратами магния. Исследования показывают эффективность оротата магния при многих сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях. Ключевые слова: дефицит магния, клинические симптомы гипомагниемии, оротат магния.

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Biological variation of Zn, Cu, and Mg in serum of healthy subjects

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Magnesium basics

Magnesium basics

Review of Copper Provision in the Parenteral Nutrition of Adults

Magnesium in Clinical Practice

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