Biological toxins of potential bioterrorism risk: Current status of detection and identification technology

Dorner, Brigitte G.; Zeleny, Reinhard; Harju, Kirsi; Hennekinne, Jacques‐Antoine; Vanninen, Paula; Schimmel, Heinz; Rummel, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.024

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…These toxins play a relevant role in the health and the security sectors. Some of these substances can be involved in natural intoxications, as they are the case of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), but the high toxicity and practical absence of antidotes has led to their classification as potential bioterrorism agents [133]. Worryingly, typical biological warfare agents (BWAs), such as Bacillus antracis, Brucella sp., Yersinia pestis, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, or the already cited BoNT, can be produced and spread not only by military but also by terrorist groups [134].…”

Section: Biological Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Electrochemical Biosensors Can Do for Forensic Science? Unique Features and Applications

et al. 2019

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This article critically discusses the latest advances in the use of voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric, and impedimetric biosensors for forensic analysis. Highlighted examples that show the advantages of these tools to develop methods capable of detecting very small concentrations of analytes and provide selective determinations through analytical responses, without significant interferences from other components of the samples, are presented and discussed, thus stressing the great versatility and utility of electrochemical biosensors in this growing research field. To illustrate this, the determination of substances with forensic relevance by using electrochemical biosensors reported in the last five years (2015–2019) are reviewed. The different configurations of enzyme or affinity biosensors used to solve analytical problems related to forensic practice, with special attention to applications in complex samples, are considered. Main prospects, challenges to focus, such as the fabrication of devices for rapid analysis of target analytes directly on-site at the crime scene, or their widespread use and successful applications to complex samples of interest in forensic analysis, and future efforts, are also briefly discussed.

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Section: Biological Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Electrochemical Biosensors Can Do for Forensic Science? Unique Features and Applications

et al. 2019

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“…The geopolitical situation and recent terrorist attacks have led the international and various national authorities to reinforce monitoring for unconventional warfare agents . Monitoring for biological threats, i.e., the deliberate spread of infectious microorganisms or toxins through water or food supplies or the air requires rapid and reliable methods for early identification of bioterrorism agents .…”

Section: List Of Monitored Cbrn‐related Toxins and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring for biological threats, i.e., the deliberate spread of infectious microorganisms or toxins through water or food supplies or the air requires rapid and reliable methods for early identification of bioterrorism agents [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

A proteomics assay to detect eight CBRN‐relevant toxins in food

et al. 2016

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A proteomics assay was set up to analyze food substrates for eight toxins of the CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) threat, namely ricin, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX), Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEA, SEB and SED), shigatoxins from Shigella dysenteriae and entero-hemorragic Escherichia coli strains (STX1 and STX2) and Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). The assay developed was based on an antibody-free sample preparation followed by bottom-up LC-MS/MS analysis operated in targeted mode. Highly specific detection and absolute quantification were obtained using isotopically labeled proteins (PSAQ standards) spiked into the food matrix. The sensitivity of the assay for the eight toxins was lower than the oral LD50 which would likely be used in a criminal contamination of food supply. This assay should be useful in monitoring biological threats. In the public-health domain, it opens the way for multiplex investigation of food-borne toxins using targeted LC-MS/MS.

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“…[85] 1-Immunological assays (detecting the presence of the Toxin). 2-In vitro biochemical methods (detecting the catalytic activity and the serotype) 3-Functional (Measure the full biological activity and toxicity)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, a few articles reviewed widely assays for BoNT detection, quantification in different matrices (foods, biological samples) until 2015 [57,70,[85][86][87][88][89]. In this chapter, we will focus on to the most latest methods developed for BoNT, including works from 2016.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%