Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Gymnosperms

Abstract

Gymnosperms, also termed as Acrogymnospermae, are an assemblage of seedbearing vascular plants that contain "naked" seeds. Although the early evolutionary history of seed plants is a bit tricky and confusing due to inconclusive fossil evidences, recent molecular phylogenetic studies place extant gymnosperms in a monophyletic group allied to the Magnoliophyta. All major groups of gymnosperms have found usage in the nanofabrication nanoparticles with majority of the studies carried out in the last 10 years. Among the gymnosperms, conifers have been the popular choice in the eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles primarily due to the structural and chemical diversity of natural compounds present in different members of this group. Ginkgo, Cycas, and Ephedra have also yielded nanoparticles, while Gnetum has also been utilized to some extent.

Ensemble species distribution model of threatened Cycas L. species of Kannur district and Kerala, India

“…Potential habitats of Citron medica in south, east and southeast Asia and Australia were predicted using the ensemble function in the "sdm" package (Naimi & Araujo, 2016) for current and future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (Maurya et al, 2023). Cycas L. is a threatened solitary cycad genus of the family Cycadaceae worldwide and requires conservation practices (Srivastava, 2021). Researchers used many modeling methods to predict the habitat suitability of threatened cycad species and conserve them.…”