Biological studies of Oligonychus punicae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on grapevine cultivars

Abstract

Life cycle, fecundity and longevity of the avocado brown mite, Oligonychus punicae (Hirst), were studied on six grapevine cultivars (Tucupita, Villanueva, Red Globe, Sirah, Sauvignon and Chenin Blanc), under laboratory conditions at 27 +/- 2 degrees C, 80 +/- 10% RH, and L12:D12 photoperiod. Mite-infested leaves were collected from vineyards, placed in paper bags and taken to the laboratory. A laboratory mite culture was established using the grape cultivar Criolla Negra as host plant. To elucidate potential effects on avocado brown mite parameters, we assessed levels of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols, of leaves of the six grape cultivars, as well as the thickness of the adaxial cuticle-epidermis. The life cycle of O. punicae differed among cultivars with average values ranging between 8.2 days on Tucupita leaves and 9.1 days on Sirah. Relatively high fecundity was found on Tucupita leaves (2.8 eggs/female/day) during 11.4 oviposition days, while low fecundity values occurred on Sirah and Villanueva leaves, with 0.9 and 1.8 eggs/female/day during 7.9 and 6.7 days, respectively. Average longevity of O. punicae females ranged from 8.1 to 17.5 days on Sirah and Sauvignon leaves, respectively. Intrinsic rate of increase (r (m)) was highest on Sauvignon (0.292) and Tucupita (0.261), and lowest on Sirah (0.146) and Villanueva (0.135). Although significant differences in cuticle-epidermis thickness were detected among the six cultivars, it seemed not to affect mite parameters. Secondary metabolite content also varied between the cultivars. Generally, increasing flavonoid content coincided with decreasing reproductive parameters. The natural plant resistance observed in this study could be useful in the development of an integrated pest management program for mite pests in grape production.

Efectividad de los extractos vegetales de orégano silvestre (Lippia origanoides K.) y citronela (Cymbopogon citratus D.C.) sobre Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

“…Las corridas de cromatografía hechas para la determinación cualitativa fueron usadas para la cuantificación de los grupos de MS utilizando la metodología descrita por Vásquez et al (2008). Para ello, se marcó el área ocupada por el MS en el cromatofolio de silica gel y con ayuda de un perforador se extrajeron tres secciones: el área conocida (AC) (MS + sílica + solvente), el área desconocida (AD) (espacio restante del área recorrida por el metabolito: MS + sílica + solvente, la cual se raspo y peso), y el área testigo (ACt) (cromatofolio testigos con sílica + solvente los cuales se perforaron y rasparon).…”

Oxidative enzymes in coconut cultivars in response to Raoiella indica feeding

“…Differences in R. indica developmental time was observed when reared on coconut cultivars, being 21.5 and 19.8 d on JT (in Trinidad) and on a hybrid MYDxJT (in Venezuela), respectively (Vásquez et al, 2015). Vásquez et al (2008) hypothesized that reproductive parameters of Oligonychus punicae appeared to be negatively associated with flavonoid content in grape cultivars. These phenolic compounds can be synthesized in grapevine leaves and fruits in response to biotic or abiotic stress (Morrissey and Osbourn, 1999) and these compounds may act synergistically with tannins to provide plant resistance (Harborne, 1994;Bernards and Båstrup-Spohr, 2008).…”

Anatomía y química foliar en especies ornamentales de Arecaceae: posibles barreras a la alimentación de Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

“…Posteriormente, los cromatofolios fueron tratados con diferentes solventes de acuerdo al metabolito secundario a determinar, colocados en una cámara cromatográfica y finalmente revelado (Tabla I). Para la determinación de las saponinas, 1mL del EE fue colocado en un vial con igual cantidad de agua destilada, se agitó por 1min y se dejó reposar por 20 min, la formación y permanencia de la espuma generada por la agitación, por el tiempo indicado, demostraba la presencia de este grupo de MS, finalmente se midió determinándose de esta forma la concentración (Marcano y Hasegawa 2002 Vásquez et al (2008). Esta consistió en marcar el área ocupada por el metabolito secundario en el cromatofolio de sílica-gel.…”