Biological Safety Cabinets, Decontamination or Sterilization with Paraformaldehyde

Fink, Richard; Liberman, Daniel F.; Murphy, Kim; Lupo, David; Israeli, Eitan

doi:10.1080/15298668891379747

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, safety guidelines have to be considered. At present the only accepted method available for decontaminating a biological safety cabinet is to use formaldehyde gas (7,17). Formaldehyde is highly effective against bacteria, viruses, bacterial toxins, and spores (21) but also is highly toxic (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of AKACID Plus as a Room Disinfectant in the Hospital Setting

Kratzer

Tobudic

Assadian

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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AKACID Plus, a novel polymeric guanidine with broad antimicrobial activity against multiantibioticresistant bacterial strains, was used in the present study as a room disinfectant. Disinfection of closed rooms experimentally contaminated with antibiotic-susceptible and multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was performed using AKACID Plus at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% for 100 min. Bacterial suspensions were distributed on plastic and stainless steel plates and placed in a test room. Recovery of the test microorganisms was determined before nebulizing, 60 and 100 min after initiation, and 4 h after the end of room disinfection by a simple swab-rinse technique. The swab-rinse method demonstrated a dose-and time-dependent effectiveness of AKACID Plus in eradicating S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa on plastic and stainless steel plates. Nebulized 0.5% AKACID Plus was successful in eliminating all hospital pathogens within 340 min. After the use of 0.25% AKACID Plus, MRSA was still detectable on microbial carrier plates. The test concentration of 0.1% AKACID Plus achieved a significant reduction of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on plastic and stainless steel plates but was sufficient to eradicate only E. coli. These results suggest that nebulized AKACID Plus at a concentration of 0.5% is a potent substance for eradication of pathogenic organisms in the hospital setting.Data from the World Health Organization show that in the United States some 14,000 individuals are infected and die each year as a result of drug-resistant microbes acquired in hospitals. In intensive care units, nosocomial infections increase the total costs by $3,306 and the length of stay by 18.2 days per patient (3). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiresistant gram-negative rods are wreaking havoc in hospital wards around the world (24). Herr et al. (12) determined additional costs of hygiene measures (barrier precautions, isolation, and decontamination) required for MRSA carriers in German hospitals by averaging 372 euros for one MRSA patient hospital-day and 9,263 euros per MRSA case. Already, MRSA and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have spread outside hospitals. The epidemic spread of resistant bacteria and resistance genes is supported primarily by selection of resistant microorganisms by frequent application of antimicrobial agents, inadequate or inappropriate therapy, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics as growth promoters for animal foods and as pesticides for agriculture (16), and, because of lack of general hygiene measures, transmission of hospital strains to other patients and medical staff (2,10,18,20).Clearly, preventive measures for the termination of this mode of selection and transmission are of vital importance. In hospital and health care settings, antiseptics and disinfectants are essential tools for infection control and aid in prevention of nosocomial infections (5, 9). By acting rapidly, disinfectants can p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of AKACID Plus as a Room Disinfectant in the Hospital Setting

Kratzer

Tobudic

Assadian

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Gaseous decontamination is usually done by heating paraformaldehyde flakes in a sealed cabinet to release formaldehyde gas. This must be done carefully to prevent formaldehyde leakage into the laboratory and to achieve the intended kill of infectious agents (Fink, 1988;Abraham, 1997).…”

Section: Decontaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Containment (Chapter 3)

Stuart

1999

Journal of the American Biological Safety Association

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Protection of laboratorians and their immediate environment from hazardous research materials (primary containment) requires meticulous preparation and execution of appropriate protocols and practice. Just as important is paying attention to detail in the selection, installation, proper use, maintenance and certification of proper operation of safety equipment. In order to accomplish this a basic understanding is necessary of primary containment equipment and its performance. This chapter deals with primary containment, Biological Safety Cabinets, suit rooms, glove boxes and the certification and proper use of these types of primary containment equipment.

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“…Objects (eg, laboratory materials and mop heads) that can be autoclaved and reused should be placed in a bag clearly demarcated for biohazardous waste or covered bucket and autoclaved. If an accident occurred in (or near) a biological safety cabinet, then it should be set at negative pressure to the room, and the interior decontaminated using paraformaldehyde fumes, preferably by trained certified personnel [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Opinion: What To Do When There IsCoccidioidesExposure in a Laboratory

et al. 2009

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Inadvertent exposure to Coccidioides species by laboratory staff and others as a result of a mishap is not an uncommon cause of infection in clinical microbiology laboratories. These types of infection may occur in laboratories outside the endemic areas, because the etiologic agent is unexpected in the submitted specimens and because personnel may be unfamiliar with the hazards of dealing with Coccidioides species in the laboratory. Coccidioidal infections are often difficult to treat, and outcomes can be poor. Here, we emphasize prevention and an approach to a laboratory accident that minimizes the risk of exposure to laboratory staff and staff in adjacent areas. On the basis of an artificially large exposure to arthroconidia that may occur as a result of a laboratory accident, a conservative approach of close observation and early treatment of exposed staff is discussed.

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Biological Safety Cabinets, Decontamination or Sterilization with Paraformaldehyde

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Validation of AKACID Plus as a Room Disinfectant in the Hospital Setting

Validation of AKACID Plus as a Room Disinfectant in the Hospital Setting

Primary Containment (Chapter 3)

Expert Opinion: What To Do When There IsCoccidioidesExposure in a Laboratory

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