Biological Role of Zinc in Liver Cirrhosis: An Updated Review

Abstract

Liver cirrhosis is a complication usually due to the consequence of persistent chronic liver disease. It is associated with different mechanisms, including hypoalbuminemia, impaired amino acid turnover, and micronutrient deficiencies. Consequently, cirrhotic patients can develop progressive complications like ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is a vital organ that regulates the different metabolic pathways and transportation of trace elements. Zn is an indispensable micronutrient trace element involved in its crucial functions in cellular metabolic activity. Zn mediates its action by binding to a wide range of proteins; therefore, it imparts numerous biological effects, including cellular division, differentiation, and growth. It is also involved in critical processes for the biosynthesis of structural proteins and regulation of transcription factors and acts as a co-factor for the various enzymatic processes. As the liver is a significant regulator of Zn metabolism, its abnormalities lead to Zn deficiency, which has consequences on cellular, endocrine, immune, sensory, and skin dysfunctions. Conversely, Zn deficiency may modify the functions of hepatocytes and immune responses (acute phase protein production) in inflammatory liver diseases. This review has concisely stated the evolving indication of the critical role of Zn in biological processes and complications associated with liver cirrhosis pathogenesis due to Zn deficiency.

A Low Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Is Associated with Low Muscle Volume and a Poor Prognosis among Cirrhotic Patients

“…In the present study, we also assessed the association of the GNRI with two cirrhosisrelated metabolic variables: the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-to-tyrosine ratio (BTR) [19,20] and zinc concentration [21,22]. The BTR correlates well with Fisher's ratio, and its decrease reflects an amino acid imbalance [19,20], while a low zinc value is related to various clinical disorders, including hyperammonemia [21,22].…”

Optimising wound care for patients with cirrhosis: A study of the effect of combination therapy on wound healing

“…These changes include impaired immune function, fluctuations in blood flow and nutrient levels and disruptions in collagen synthesis and deposition 5,6 . Patients in this category frequently endure protracted and complex recovery periods, which can result in heightened morbidity and potentially fatal complications 7 . Hence, comprehending and enhancing wound management in individuals with cirrhosis is consequential not only for improved clinical results but also for cost savings in healthcare and enhancement of life standards 8,9 …”

“…5,6 Patients in this category frequently endure protracted and complex recovery periods, which can result in heightened morbidity and potentially fatal complications. 7 Hence, comprehending and enhancing wound management in individuals with cirrhosis is consequential not only for improved clinical results but also for cost savings in healthcare and enhancement of life standards. 8,9 Recent developments in combination therapy, which utilises the variety of therapeutic approaches, hold potential to tackle the complex challenges associated with wound repair in individuals with cirrhosis.…”

Starch/rhodamine 6G conjugate as a non-cytotoxic, effective, and selective fluorescent chemosensor for detection of Fe3+ ion

“…Imbalances in iron levels, whether through deficiency or excess, can lead to a range of diseases and disorders. 8,9 As a result, considerable efforts are being dedicated to the development of selective sensors capable of effectively distinguishing Fe 3+ ions from other metal ions.…”