Biological removal of sulphate from industrial effluents using producer gas as energy source

Preez, L. A. Du; Odendaal, James P; Maree, J. P.; Ponsonby, M.

doi:10.1080/09593339209385222

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Sulphate reduction directly reduces salinity and protons, producing alkalinity in the form of sulphide, and allowing the precipitation of the heavy metals as metal sulphides or hydroxides. Organic electron donors that have been tested for sulphate reduction include producer gas (Du Preez et al, 1992;Van Houten et al, 1994), intermediatelength carbon chain compounds like ethanol and methanol (Postgate, 1984;Braun and Stolp, 1985;Szewzyk and Pfennig, 1990) and complex compounds such as sewage sludge (Butlin et al, 1956;Pipes, 1960;Burgess and Wood, 1961;Conradie and Grutz, 1973), animal waste slurries (Ueki et al, 1988), lactate and cheese whey (Oleszkiewicz and Hilton, 1986) and molasses (Maree and Hill, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of a recycling sludge bed reactor using AQUASIM: reprint

Ristow¹,

Whittington-Jones²,

Corbett³

et al. 2002

WSA

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re-published with the correct list of authors, and, due to a change in the process name following the original publication of the article, it is herewith pointed out that the term "falling sludge bed reactor" is replaced with "recycling sludge bed reactor".Modelling of a recycling sludge bed reactor using AQUASIM AbstractThe recycling sludge bed reactor (RSBR) allows for increased solids retention time, resulting in greater substrate conversion for all particulate degradation and biological reactions. The purpose of the RSBR is to hydrolyse primary settled sewage (PSS). Soluble products are then used for the biological treatment of acid mine drainage. A mathematical model has been developed that describes the anaerobic digestion of PSS and biological sulphate reduction in the RSBR. The hydrodynamic processes taking place in the RSBR have been simulated using a system of mixed reactors connected by water flow and mass flux streams. Trends obtained from varying the hydraulic retention time, the sludge recycle ratio, and the feed COD: SO 4 2-ratio allow for identification of the critical biological processes taking place in the RSBR, as well as the influence of the operating parameters. Areas where there is a lack of understanding in the mechanism and kinetics have been identified, and these include the influence of sulphate reduction on the hydrolysis of particulate organic matter, as well as the mathematical influence of sulphide inhibition on the various biological groups. A sensitivity analysis shows that hydrolysis is the rate-limiting process, while sulphide inhibition is of importance when sulphate conversion increases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of a recycling sludge bed reactor using AQUASIM: reprint

Ristow¹,

Whittington-Jones²,

Corbett³

et al. 2002

WSA

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“…Du Preez et al (1992) were the first to demonstrate that producer gas (mixture of H 2 , CO and CO 2 ) can be used as a carbon and energy source for biological sulphate reduction. Both H 2 and CO were utilised as the carbon and energy source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of acid and sulphate-rich effluents in an integrated biological/chemical process

Maree¹,

Greben²,

Beer³

2004

WSA

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A novel chemical/biological process is described in which sulphate and sulphide are removed simultaneously during biological treatment. Partial sulphate removal is achieved during chemical pre-treatment. In the biological stage sulphate is reduced to sulphide in a complete-mixed reactor through addition of sucrose or ethanol as a carbon and energy source. Sulphide is oxidised by allowing oxygen to enter the system in a controlled way. The experimental investigation of the process showed that sulphate and sulphide could be removed simultaneously due to co-existence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and sulphur oxidising bacteria. The volumetric sulphate reduction rate in a complete-mixed reactor, with sucrose as an organic carbon and energy source, amounts to 12.4 g SO 4 /(l.d). The rate of biological sulphate removal was found to be directly related to the square root of sulphate, COD and VSS concentrations respectively, and inversely proportional to sulphide concentration. The practical value of simultaneous sulphate and sulphide removal is that only one stage is required for removal of both sulphate and sulphide; a conventional completemixed reactor can be used; and sulphate can be removed in a consistent way to below 200 mg/l (as SO 4 ) due to the stability of the process.By combining the biological stage with CaCO 3 -neutralisation and/or lime pre-treatment, the chemical cost can be reduced. Sulphate, associated with the over-saturated fraction after treatment with CaCO 3 or lime, can be removed through gypsum crystallisation. In the integrated sulphate removal process (CaCO 3 -neutralisation, lime treatment and biological stages), sulphate can be removed from 9 200 mg/l (typical sulphate concentration of coal discard leachate) to 2410 mg/l, 1 230 mg/l and 205 mg/l (as SO 4 ) in the various stages respectively. The chemical cost with the integrated process amounts to R2.94/m 3 , versus R12.44/m 3 when all the sulphate is removed using the biological stage only. Similarly, the cost for treating magnesium sulphaterich mine water amounts to R1.92/m 3 for the integrated process, versus R3.11/m 3 for biological treatment only.

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“…The linearized equation form of Elovich model is expressed by the following equation t 1 1 q ln δβ ln t β β (5) where qt is the adsorbed amount at time t, δ is the initial adsorption rate (mg/g min), and  is related to the extent of surface coverage and the activation energy for chemisorptions (g/mg). A plot of qt vs ln t gives straight line with slope of ( 1 β ) and the intercept of 1 ln δβ β [25].…”

Section: Removal Kinetic Studies Using Reactor Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eluate was collected using deionized distilled water for washing purpose, the absorbance of eluate was determined. The eluate was collected at different time intervals (5,10,15,20,25,30, …, 1440 min) with different temperature, while keeping the other optimal parameters constant. The concentration of the residual sulfate ion was determined by colorimetric method at 420 nm using Diod Array spectrophotometer (S600).…”

Section: Preparation Of Reactor Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%