Biological Removal of Azo and Triphenylmethane Dyes and Toxicity of Process By-Products

Abstract

Increasing environmental pollution is connected with broad applications of dyes and imperfection of dyeing technology. Decolourization of triphenylmethane brilliant green and disazo Evans blue by bacterial and fungal strains and toxicity (phyto- and zootoxicity) of degradation by-products were investigated. Influence of incubation method on dyes removal was evaluated (static, semi-static, shaken). Dead biomass was used for sorption estimation. Toxicity of treated dyes was measured to estimate possible influence on aquatic ecosystems. The zootoxicity test was done with Daphnia magna and phytotoxicity with Lemna minor. Samples were classified according to ACE 89/BE 2/D3 Final Report Commission EC. The best results of removal for all tested strains were reached in shaken samples. In opposite to fungi, bacterial strains decolourized brilliant green more effectively than Evans blue. The most effective bacterial strain was Erwinia spp. (s12) and fungal strains were Polyporus picipes (RWP17) and Pleurotus ostreatus (BWPH and MB). Decolourization of brilliant green was connected with decrease of zootoxicity (D. magna) and phytotoxicity (L. minor). Removal of Evans blue was connected with no changes in zootoxicity and decrease of phytotoxicity in most of samples.

Sonochemical degradation of Basic Red 29 in aqueous media

“…High values of COD and BOD 5 , the presence of particulate matter and sediments, and oil and grease in the effluent cause depletion of dissolved oxygen, which has an adverse effect on the aquatic ecological system. 2,3 Azo dyes are substances commonly used in textile, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food, and other industries and are characterized by the -N=N-group bearing aromatic rings. 4 Their production is more than 1 × 10 6 t/year in the world, making them the largest group of synthetic colorants.…”

Toxic Effects of Levafix Blue CA and Levafix Amber CA Reactive Dyes on Liver and Kidney in Mice

“…The wastewater from textile plants is classified as the most polluting of all the industrial sectors, considering the volume generated as well as the effluent composition. [7], [8] It is estimated that over 10,000 different dyes and pigments are used industrially. [9] In the textile industry, up to 200,000 tons of these dyes are lost to effluents every year during the dyeing and finishing operations, due to the inefficiency of the dyeing process.…”

“…[14] The unused dyes in the effluent mix with water of river, pond or ground, and leading to serious environmental pollution which may ultimately serious health hazard. [7] In river, pond or ground water fishes are administered those textile dyes and we are taking those fishes as one of the main item of daily foods. Many dyes are carcinogenic and affect the life of aquatic organisms.…”

Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using Activated Carbon Obtained From Bio-Waste

“…Dyes even in low concentrations affect the aquatic life and ecological balance of the area [1][2][3].All the dye wastes, produced from different sorts of commercial enterprises have harmful impact on microbial inhabitants and may be toxic and even deadly to mammals. These dyes have the potential to cause diseases such as allergic eczema, skin problem, mutations and cancer [4][5].There are several effective methods reported for the removal of dyes from the wastewaters such as adsorption [6], coagulation [7], advanced oxidation [8], and membrane separation [9] which have been put to use for the removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater.…”