Biological properties of late-season apricot cultivars in the Belgrade region

Abstract

Apricot cultivar assortment in Serbia is characterized by a small number of cultivars and a short period of maturing. Most apricot fruits are harvested in the season of cultivar ‘Hungarian Best’ or at a short time afterwards. There is particularly a lack of early- and late-maturing cultivars of high quality fruit. This study was aimed at evaluating of 14 introduced apricot cultivars of late maturing time in order to recommend the best of them for growing in the Belgrade region. The study was carried out at the Experimental station ‘Radmilovac’ of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade over a period of five years (2009-2013). The experimental orchard was established in 2007, the rootstock was Myrobalan seedling, and tree spacing was 4.5 x 3 m. Control cultivar for comparison was ‘Hungarian Best’, which is the most grown apricot cultivar in Serbia. Flowering of introduced cultivars ranged from three days before to three days after the control cultivar (‘Hungarian Best’), while the maturation time was 7 to 15 days after the control. Compared with the control cultivar, significantly higher yield was achieved in seven cultivars (‘Harogem’, ‘Umberto’, ‘Litoral’, ‘Sophia’, ‘Harlayne’, ‘Bergarouge’, and ‘Silistrenska Kompotna’), while significantly higher fruit weight was achieved in two cultivars (‘Cegledy Arany’ and ‘Sophia’). Compared to the control higher content of soluble solids was found in four cultivars (‘Kabaasi’, ‘Late Dryanovska’, ‘Harlayne’, and ‘Silistrenska Kompotna’). Cultivar ‘Sophia’ got the best score for fruit appearance, while cultivars ‘Late Dryanovska’ and ‘Silistrenska Kompotna’ got the best scores for taste. Among studied apricot cultivars, for the cultivation in the Belgrade region, the following cultivars can be recommended as promising: ‘Sophia’ for fresh consumption, and ‘Harlayne’ and ‘Silistrenska Kompotna’ for processing. In addition, five cultivars of combined traits (both for fresh consumption and processing) can also be recommended: ‘Harogem’, ‘Cegledy Arany’, ‘Bergarouge’, ‘Pisana’ and ‘Late Dryanovska’. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31063