Biological properties and therapeutic effects of plant-derived nanovesicles

Abstract

Exosomes-like nanoparticles can be released by a variety of plants and vegetables. The relevance of plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) in interspecies communication is derived from their content in biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and miRNAs), absence of toxicity, easy internalization by mammalian cells, as well as for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. Due to these interesting features, we review here their potential application in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver diseases, and cancer as well as their potentiality as drug carriers. Current evidence indicate that PDNVs can improve the disease state at the level of intestine in IBD mouse models by affecting inflammation and promoting prohealing effects. While few reports suggest that anticancer effects can be derived from antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties of PDNVs, other studies have shown that PDNVs can be used as effective delivery systems for small molecule agents and nucleic acids with therapeutic effects (siRNAs, miRNAs, and DNAs). Finally, since PDNVs are characterized by a proven stability in the gastrointestinal tract, they have been considered as promising delivery systems for natural products contained therein and drugs (including nucleic acids) via the oral route.

Edible plant-derived exosomal microRNAs: Exploiting a cross-kingdom regulatory mechanism for targeting SARS-CoV-2

“…These vesicles are known as edible nanoparticles (ENPs). ENPs from several edible plants have been isolated earlier, ranging in size between 100 and 900 nm ( Di Gioia et al, 2020 ). ENPs share both structural and functional similarities with mammalian exosomes, though their exact intra/extracellular origin is currently unclear ( Zhang et al, 2016b ).…”

Current Strategies and Potential Prospects of Nanomedicine-Mediated Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…For instance, intestinal exosomes have been proven as a new strategy for IBD therapy. 124 , 125 Intestinal epithelial cell-derived EVs contain a large amount of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) with immunosuppressive activity. 126 In dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, these EVs worked on immunosuppressive dendritic cells and regulatory T cells to protect against colitis progression.…”

Tumor-microenvironment Responsive Targeted Exosome-like Nanovesicles From Dunaliella Salina for Enhancing Gene/immune Combination Therapy

“…However, how to obtain large quantities of exosomes with lower cost and time-consuming remains a challenge. Recently, exosome-like nanovesicles from microbial and plant to human cells were investigated, and plant-derived nanovesicles have been gained widespread attention due to their low toxicity, easy availability, anti-cancer potential and anti-in ammatory activities [10,[22][23][24] . In this study, D. salina, a single-celled halophilic eukaryotic algae [25,26] , being photosynthetically autotrophic and having the advantages of rapid growth, less biological toxicity, rich in glycerol and βcarotene, was used as source of exosome-like nanovesicles with high yield and purity [27] .…”