Biological Production of Trace Gases in Surface Sea Water and their Emission to the Atmosphere

Liss, Peter S.; Broadgate, Wendy; Hatton, Angela D.; Little, Richard; Malin, Gillian; McArdle, Nicola; Nightingale, Philip D.; Turner, Suzanne M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57252-4_18

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This inherent seasonality of high latitude environments has distinct impacts on the formation and presence of marine tropospheric aerosol. Numerous field campaigns have found statistically significant increases in aerosols and aerosol precursors, including dimethylsulfide (DMS) and organohalides, associated with the melting of sea ice (Becagli et al., 2016; Liss et al., 2000; Stefels et al., 2007; Trevena & Jones, 2006). Furthermore, seasonal dynamics in these high latitude environments are intrinsically tied to increasing light availability and solar insolation that occurs at the onset of the bi‐hemisphere spring and summer (McCoy et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Year Seasonal Trends in Sea Ice, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Marine Aerosol Optical Depth in the Bellingshausen Sea

et al. 2021

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In the remote polar sea ice environment of the Bellingshausen Sea, the formation and presence of marine tropospheric aerosol is coupled with physical, chemical, and biological processes. Present in both the Antarctic and Arctic, sea ice habitats are among the largest ecosystems on our planet (Arrigo, 2014). They are subject to a number of physical processes due to the inherent temporality of high-latitude environments, from the seasonal dynamics of variable light availability, increases and decreases in sea ice extent and thickness, fluctuations in nutrient availability, and fluctuations in the timing and magnitude of primary

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Year Seasonal Trends in Sea Ice, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Marine Aerosol Optical Depth in the Bellingshausen Sea

et al. 2021

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“…MBAs are formed through the atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursor compounds, such as dimethylsulfide (DMS), organohalogens [such as the halogen oxide radicals iodine oxide (IO) and bromine oxide (BrO)], and other organic compounds, and are also directly injected as primary aerosols (Carpenter et al 2003;Leck and Bigg 2005a;Orellana et al 2011). These compounds either are synthesized by phytoplankton or are by-products of marine ecosystem processes (Carslaw et al 2010;Liss et al 2000). Thus, the sea-to-air flux of these aerosol precursor compounds and particles depends, in a complex fashion, on the structure and dynamics of the marine food web (Simó 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nexus between Sea Ice and Polar Emissions of Marine Biogenic Aerosols

Gabric

Matrai

Jones

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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Accurate estimation of the climate sensitivity requires a better understanding of the nexus between polar marine ecosystem responses to warming, changes in sea ice extent, and emissions of marine biogenic aerosol (MBA). Sea ice brine channels contain very high concentrations of MBA precursors that, once ventilated, have the potential to alter cloud microphysical properties, such as cloud droplet number, and the regional radiative energy balance. In contrast to temperate latitudes, where the pelagic phytoplankton are major sources of MBAs, the seasonal sea ice dynamic plays a key role in determining MBA concentration in both the Arctic and Antarctic. We review the current knowledge of MBA sources and the link between ice melt and emissions of aerosol precursors in the polar oceans. We illustrate the processes by examining decadal-scale time series in various satellite-derived parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), sea ice extent, and phytoplankton biomass in the sea ice zones of both hemispheres. The sharpest gradients in aerosol indicators occur during the spring period of ice melt. In sea ice–covered waters, the peak in AOD occurs well before the annual maximum in biomass in both hemispheres. The results provide strong evidence that suggests seasonal changes in sea ice and ocean biology are key drivers of the polar aerosol cycle. The positive trend in annual-mean Antarctic sea ice extent is now almost one-third of the magnitude of the annual-mean decrease in Arctic sea ice, suggesting the potential for different patterns of aerosol emissions in the future.

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“…1, other organisms such as corals and benthic algae are also known to be sources (Broadbent & Jones, 2004;Raina et al, 2013;Burdett, Hatton & Kamenos, 2015). It is now recognized that the synthesis and emission of these biogenic climate active compounds is shaped by a range of marine ecosystem processes (Liss et al, 2000;Carslaw et al, 2010). Thus, the sea-to-air flux of these aerosol precursor compounds and particles depends in a complex fashion on the structure and dynamics of the entire marine food web (Simó, 2001).…”

Section: Marine Biogenic Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral reefs as a source of climate-active aerosols

Jackson

Gabric

Cropp

2020

PeerJ

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We review the evidence for bio-regulation by coral reefs of local climate through stress-induced emissions of aerosol precursors, such as dimethylsulfide. This is an issue that goes to the core of the coral ecosystem’s ability to maintain homeostasis in the face of increasing climate change impacts and other anthropogenic pressures. We examine this through an analysis of data on aerosol emissions by corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We focus on the relationship with local stressors, such as surface irradiance levels and sea surface temperature, both before and after notable coral bleaching events. We conclude that coral reefs may be able to regulate their exposure to environmental stressors through modification of the optical properties of the atmosphere, however this ability may be impaired as climate change intensifies.

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Biological Production of Trace Gases in Surface Sea Water and their Emission to the Atmosphere

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Multi‐Year Seasonal Trends in Sea Ice, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Marine Aerosol Optical Depth in the Bellingshausen Sea

Multi‐Year Seasonal Trends in Sea Ice, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Marine Aerosol Optical Depth in the Bellingshausen Sea

The Nexus between Sea Ice and Polar Emissions of Marine Biogenic Aerosols

Coral reefs as a source of climate-active aerosols

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