Biological monitoring of workers exposed to N , N -dimethylformamide in synthetic leather manufacturing factories in Korea

Kim, Hyoung-Ah; Kim, Kangyoon; Heo, Yong; Lee, Se‐Hoon; Choi, Ho-Chun

doi:10.1007/s00420-003-0474-1

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results are consistent with those of Sakai et al 29) , who observed a lesser correlation between the urinary levels of AMCC and personal exposure concentrations of DMF compared with that of NMF, but our findings are in contrast to the results reported by Kim et al 30) , who found no significant relationship between the urinary levels of AMCC and DMF concentrations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Seasonal Difference in Percutaneous Absorption of N,N‐Dimethylformamide as Determined Using Two Urinary Metabolites

Tsuda¹,

Miyauchi

Minozoe

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Seasonal Difference in Percutaneous Absorption of N,N‐Dimethylformamide as Determined Using Two Urinary Metabolites

Tsuda¹,

Miyauchi

Minozoe

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Amines and amides are nitrogen-containing organic compounds widely observed in the atmosphere (Cape et al, 2011;Cheng et al, 2006;Ge et al, 2011;Laskin et al, 2009;Rogge et al, 1991;). They are emitted from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources including agriculture, biomass burning, animal husbandry, cooking, smoking, synthetic leather, carbon capture, and other industrial processes (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts, 2000;Ge et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2004;Kuhn et al, 2011;Nielsen et al, 2012;Schmeltz and Hoffmann, 1977;Zhu et al, 2013). In addition to the primary sources, amides can be formed from the degradation processes of amines (Nielsen et al, 2012) and atmospheric accretion reactions of organic acids with amines or ammonia (Barsanti and Pankow, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of atmospheric gaseous amines and amides by a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer with protonated ethanol reagent ions

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Amines and amides are important atmospheric organic-nitrogen compounds but high time resolution, highly sensitive, and simultaneous ambient measurements of these species are rather sparse. Here, we present the development of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) method, utilizing protonated ethanol as reagent ions to simultaneously detect atmospheric gaseous amines (C1 to C6) and amides (C1 to C6). This method possesses sensitivities of 5.6–19.4 Hz pptv−1 for amines and 3.8–38.0 Hz pptv−1 for amides under total reagent ion signals of ∼  0.32 MHz. Meanwhile, the detection limits were 0.10–0.50 pptv for amines and 0.29–1.95 pptv for amides at 3σ of the background signal for a 1 min integration time. Controlled characterization in the laboratory indicates that relative humidity has significant influences on the detection of amines and amides, whereas the presence of organics has no obvious effects. Ambient measurements of amines and amides utilizing this method were conducted from 25 July to 25 August 2015 in urban Shanghai, China. While the concentrations of amines ranged from a few parts per trillion by volume to hundreds of parts per trillion by volume, concentrations of amides varied from tens of parts per trillion by volume to a few parts per billion by volume. Among the C1- to C6-amines, the C2-amines were the dominant species with concentrations up to 130 pptv. For amides, the C3-amides (up to 8.7 ppb) were the most abundant species. The diurnal and backward trajectory analysis profiles of amides suggest that in addition to the secondary formation of amides in the atmosphere, industrial emissions could be important sources of amides in urban Shanghai. During the campaign, photo-oxidation of amines and amides might be a main loss pathway for them in daytime, and wet deposition was also an important sink.

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“…For the individuals without any respiratory protection, the slope of the linear relation was 1.57 mg g −1 mg −1 m 3 (N = 160, R = 0.703). Other studies also investigated this association (Casal Lareo and Perbellini 1995;Imbriani et al 2002;Käfferlein et al 2000;Kim et al 2004). Whereas Casal Lareo and Perbellini (1995), Käfferlein et al (2000), and Kim et al (2004) did not find any statistical significant correlation between AMCC levels in post-shift urine and the ambient DMF exposure, Imbriani et al (2002) reported a significant linear relation between AMCC concentrations in post-shift urine samples of the fifth working day and the average ambient DMF exposure of all 5 consecutive days with a slope of 0.872 mg g −1 mg −1 m 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Validity of different biomonitoring parameters for the assessment of occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

et al. 2018

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This study was performed to assess the relation between occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide after an 8 h work shift in the acrylic fibre industry and its three biological markers N-methylformamide (NMF), N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC), and N-methylcarbamoyl adduct at haemoglobin (MCVal). External DMF exposure of 220 workers was determined during the whole shift. A standardised questionnaire was used to obtain information about the worker's general health status, medical treatment, smoking habits, protective measures, and possible symptoms caused by DMF exposure. NMF and AMCC were analysed in post-shift urine samples and MCVal in blood. For longitudinal assessment the average AMCC concentration was determined over a period of 4 weeks (weekly sampling) in a sub-collective of 89 workers. The median of DMF concentration in air was 3.19 mg/m (range < 0.15-46.9 mg/m). The biological markers showed a median of 4.80 mg/L (range 0.20-50.6 mg/L) for NMF, 4.75 mg/g creatinine (range 0.06-49.6 mg/g creatinine) for AMCC, and 57.5 nmol/g globin (range 0.5-414 nmol/g) for MCVal. A significant linear relationship was observed between DMF in air and NMF as well as between DMF in air and AMCC in post-shift urine samples. The mean AMCC values measured weekly over a period of 4 weeks correlated significantly with MCVal adducts too. Excluding workers who had been using breathing masks on the day of the study led to even tighter correlations. The results of the present study demonstrate the applicability of the DMF biomonitoring parameters NMF in post-shift urine for the present-day exposure assessment, AMCC in the post-shift urine after several shifts for assessment of the cumulative exposure of the previous working days, and MCVal for assessment of long-term exposure during previous weeks and months. The data of the present study enable now the estimation of valid equivalents of these biomonitoring parameters to the external DMF exposure. From the risk assessment point of view, the exposure limit values for AMCC and MCVal, which are directly linked to the presumed toxic intermediate MIC, exhibit a significant advance.

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Biological monitoring of workers exposed to N , N -dimethylformamide in synthetic leather manufacturing factories in Korea

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Seasonal Difference in Percutaneous Absorption of N,N‐Dimethylformamide as Determined Using Two Urinary Metabolites

Seasonal Difference in Percutaneous Absorption of N,N‐Dimethylformamide as Determined Using Two Urinary Metabolites

Detection of atmospheric gaseous amines and amides by a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer with protonated ethanol reagent ions

Validity of different biomonitoring parameters for the assessment of occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

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