Biological monitoring of persons exposed to methanol vapours

Šedivec, V.; Mraz, Martin; Flek, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00405613

Cited by 93 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…8 hours later, i.e. 16 hours after first exposure, the methanol level was again within the normal range (30). Similar tests have been conducted by another group (4) with similar results.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Reflections on the pathogenesis of optic (retrobulbar) neuritis in multiple sclerosis

Schwyzer¹,

Henzi²

1988

Medical Hypotheses

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-The conditions which lead to a plaque of demyelination in the retrobulbaroptic nerve are discussed. Growth of the plaque occurs along venules as small fingerlike sleeves which develop outwards from the contour of the plaque. This occurs slowly and at intervals; the very gradually expanding lesion remain for a long time clinically silent.It is here postulated that the change to clinical disease is induced if cells digesting myelin debris settle in a more distal part of the perivascular space of a vein, than during the subclinical phase. In sufficient numbers these cells will impede the movement of molecules from extra-cellular fluid surrounding nodes of Ranvier into cerebrospinal fluid. A restriction in this vital drainage pathway results in oedema causing distrubed signal transmission in neurons passing through the veins drainage territory. Depending on intensity this can induce the characteristics symptom of blurred vision.These concepts have been used to speculate on sequential changes in neurons and to relate them to various phases of the disease. This seems to be justified as the pattern evolved corresponds well with the clinical symptomatology.

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“…8 hours later, i.e. 16 hours after first exposure, the methanol level was again within the normal range (30). Similar tests have been conducted by another group (4) with similar results.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Reflections on the pathogenesis of optic (retrobulbar) neuritis in multiple sclerosis

Schwyzer¹,

Henzi²

1988

Medical Hypotheses

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“…Recently close relationships between environmental and urinary concentrations of some solvents and anesthetics have been found (12,15,16,23,26,27,29,30,31). These results suggest that the solvent or anesthetic concentration in a sample of urine produced during the exposure period could be considered an appropriate indicator of exposure levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Urinary elimination of acetone in experimental and occupational exposure.

Pezzagno¹,

Imbriani²,

Ghittori³

et al. 1986

Scand J Work Environ Health

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PEZZAGNO G, IMBRIANI M, GHITTORI S, CAPODAGLIO E, HUANG J. Urinary elimination of acetone in experimental and occupational exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 12 (1986) 603-608. Fifteen volunteers were exposed to an acetone vapor concentration of 964-8 610 f'IIlol/m' (56-500 mg/m') for 2-4 h in an exposure chamber. Ten subjects were at rest during the exposure, and five were exposed at alternate rest and light physical exercise. Subsequently 104workers occupationally exposed to acetone were studied. The relative uptake averaged about 53 OJo , and the ratio of the alveolar concentration to the environmental concentration averaged about 0.28. Both for the experimentally exposed subjects and the occupationally exposed worker s the urinary acetone concentration showed a linear relation ship to the corresponding environmental time-weighted average concentration. A linear equation also existed between urinary concentrations and the amounts of acetone absorbed. The findings enable a consideration of the urinary concentration of the unaltered acetone as an appropriate exposure indicator and the proposal of a " biological equivalent threshold" to be used in the field of biological monitoring.

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“…The model accurately predicted the decline in methanol blood concentration following removal of the monkey (32) or the human (22) Figure 4. Comparison of the high-exposure methanol inhalation model (Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In other work, a Km of 544 mg/L for methanol was reported with the monkey ADH enzyme in vitro (26 Low dose. Groups of three or four healthy humans were exposed for 8 hr to environments of 77, 156.5, and 229 ppm methanol in air, and urine methanol concentrations were determined (22). Figure 2 shows the estimated blood methanol concentrations in those subjects and model predictions with the parameters defined above and (D = 0.645; that value of( yielded exactly the 8-hr blood methanol concentration of the 156.5 ppm dose.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pharmacokinetic Model of Inhaled Methanol in Humans and Comparison to Methanol Disposition in Mice and Rats

Perkins¹,

Ward²,

Pollack³

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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(Perkins et al., submitted). Elimination via the lungs (after exposure) and the kidney is theoretically a small fraction of total methanol elimination (8,11) and modeled well in both rat and mouse without being specifically included (10). In both the rat and mouse, the systemic disposition of methanol was similar after oral (PO), intravenous (IV), or inhalation administration (Perkins et al., submitted).To assess risk to the human conceptus based on extrapolation from rodent data, it is desirable to begin with comparisons of blood methanol concentrations rather than with the ambient methanol vapor concentration; as demonstrated in rodents, blood concentrations can vary substantially between species exposed to the same ambient methanol concentration. Blood toxicant levels are a more relevant determinant of systemic effects (such as teratogenicity) than are ambient environmental toxicant concentrations (12). Because of the well-established species differences in the acute toxicity of methanol between primates and nonprimates (1), the primate is the model of choice for both kinetic and toxicologic studies of methanol, and only data obtained from human and nonhuman primates in the published literature were used in this study. Numerical values presented in tables were preferred to values that were scaled from charts or graphs, although the majority of data were scaled. Many of the data were reported as methanol concentrations in urine rather than in blood. It has been shown that blood methanol concen-

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Biological monitoring of persons exposed to methanol vapours

Cited by 93 publications

References 9 publications

Reflections on the pathogenesis of optic (retrobulbar) neuritis in multiple sclerosis

Reflections on the pathogenesis of optic (retrobulbar) neuritis in multiple sclerosis

Urinary elimination of acetone in experimental and occupational exposure.

A Pharmacokinetic Model of Inhaled Methanol in Humans and Comparison to Methanol Disposition in Mice and Rats

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