Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution

Biomonitoring of Airborne Heavy Metal Contamination

“…The fungal component is responsible for taking up water and minerals, and the algal component, which grows amidst the fungal mycelia, for photosynthesis. Most lichen species obtain their nutrients from wet and dry deposition (Martin & Coughtrey 1982;Garty 1993). The lichen surface, structure, and roughness facilitate the interception and retention particles (Szczepaniak & Biziuk, 2003).…”

Biogeochemistry of Nickel and Its Release into the Environment

“…Therefore, epiphytic lichens are the fi rst to disappear from the immediate surroundings of pollutant sources [72][73][74]. However, since they obtain their nutrients directly from aerial deposition [75,76], they are effi cient in trapping atmospheric heavy metals in low or moderate pollution conditions [71,77,78]. The epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.…”

Seasonal variation of metal accumulation and translocation in yellow pond-lily (Nuphar lutea)

“…The concentrations of different elements in an organism can vary with the season, independently of environmental concentrations (Villares et al, 2002). Some researchers have reported the highest metal contents (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) during autumn and relatively low levels during spring (Kim and Fergusson, 1994;Brekken and Steinnes, 2004), whereas others have indicated the highest foliar levels during spring and the lowest during winter (Wilkins, 1978;Martin and Coughtrey, 1982). Hutchinson and Stokes (1975) worked on three rivers flowing into Wanapitei Bay (Ontario, Canada) and found that Nuphar variegatum showed highest metal concentrations in its large floating leaves.…”