Biological monitoring of exposure to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline by determination of a urinary metabolite and a hemoglobin adduct.

Boogaard, Peter J.; Beulink, G. D. J.; Sittert, N. J. Van

doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s623

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Interestingly, donepezil consistently affected behavior, and AChE gene transcription, to a lesser extent than the other compounds, despite the IC 50 values from the AChE activity assay described above indicating that it readily inhibits bee AChE activity. This could be explained by the fact that the inhibition of AChE by donepezil is readily reversible, over a time scale of minutes; whereas, the effects of aldicarb are reported to be reversible only over several hours (Baron, 1994; Seltzer, 2005). Furthermore, coumaphos and chlorpyrifos, irreversibly bind AChE, requiring the synthesis of new enzyme before the effects are ameliorated (Fukuto, 1990; Pohanka, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Alters the Physiology and Motor Function of Honeybees

et al. 2013

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Cholinergic signaling is fundamental to neuromuscular function in most organisms. Sub-lethal doses of neurotoxic pesticides that target cholinergic signaling can alter the behavior of insects in subtle ways; their influence on non-target organisms may not be readily apparent in simple mortality studies. Beneficial arthropods such as honeybees perform sophisticated behavioral sequences during foraging that, if influenced by pesticides, could impair foraging success and reduce colony health. Here, we investigate the behavioral effects on honeybees of exposure to a selection of pesticides that target cholinergic signaling by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE). To examine how continued exposure to AChE inhibitors affected motor function, we fed adult foraging worker honeybees sub-lethal concentrations of these compounds in sucrose solution for 24 h. Using an assay for locomotion in bees, we scored walking, stopped, grooming, and upside down behavior continuously for 15 min. At a 10 nM concentration, all the AChE inhibitors caused similar effects on behavior, notably increased grooming activity and changes in the frequency of bouts of behavior such as head grooming. Coumaphos caused dose-dependent effects on locomotion as well as grooming behavior, and a 1 μM concentration of coumaphos induced symptoms of malaise such as abdomen grooming and defecation. Biochemical assays confirmed that the four compounds we assayed (coumaphos, aldicarb, chlorpyrifos, and donepezil) or their metabolites acted as AChE inhibitors in bees. Furthermore, we show that transcript expression levels of two honeybee AChE inhibitors were selectively upregulated in the brain and in gut tissues in response to AChE inhibitor exposure. The results of our study imply that the effects of pesticides that rely on this mode of action have subtle yet profound effects on physiological effects on behavior that could lead to reduced survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Alters the Physiology and Motor Function of Honeybees

et al. 2013

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“…However, the Hb adducts of AA still give information about the exposure situation several weeks earlier. 26 There are no literature data on aniline and o-toluidine Hb adducts for the German general population so far. Comparing the Hb adducts of our study group with values for the general population in other studies, the mean values in this study are higher by a factor of 1.4-7.0 for aniline and a factor of up to 18 for o-toluidine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous absorption of aromatic amines in rubber industry workers: impact of impaired skin and skin barrier creams

Korinth

Weiß²,

Penkert

et al. 2006

Occup Environ Med

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Background: Several aromatic amines (AA) could cause bladder cancer and are an occupational hygiene problem in the workplace. However, little is known about the percutaneous absorption of chemicals via impaired skin and about the efficacy of skin protection measures to reduce internal exposure. Aims: To determine the impact of skin status and of skin protection measures on the internal exposure to AA in workers manufacturing rubber products. Methods: 51 workers occupationally exposed to aniline and o-toluidine were examined. The workplace conditions, risk factors for skin and the use of personal protective equipment were assessed by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The skin of hands and forearms was clinically examined. Exposure to aniline and o-toluidine was assessed by ambient air and biological monitoring (analyses of urine samples and of haemoglobin adducts). Results: Haemoglobin-AA-adduct levels in workers with erythema (73%) were significantly higher (p,0.04) than in workers with healthy skin (mean values: aniline 1150.4 ng/l vs 951.7 ng/l, o-toluidine 417.9 ng/l vs 118.3 ng/l). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that wearing gloves significantly reduced the internal exposure. A frequent use of skin barrier creams leads to a higher internal exposure of AA (p,0.03). However, the use of skincare creams at the workplace was associated with a reduced internal exposure (p,0.03). From these findings we assume that internal exposure of the workers resulted primarily from the percutaneous uptake. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a significantly higher internal exposure to AA in workers with impaired skin compared with workers with healthy skin. Daily wearing of gloves efficiently reduced internal exposure. However, an increased use of skin barrier creams enhances the percutaneous uptake of AA. Skincare creams seem to support skin regeneration and lead to reduced percutaneous uptake.

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“…The main urinary metabolite 2-amino-4-chloro-5-fluorophenyl sulfate (CFA-S) was monitored in two studies with 75 and 72 workers exposed to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline (CFA) . The median CFA-S levels found in the first and second study were 0.14 μmol/g and 0.21 μmol/g creatinine, respectively.…”

Section: Biomonitoring Of Urinary Metabolites and Of Hb-adducts In Th...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Hemoglobin Adducts and Urinary Metabolites of Arylamines and Nitroarenes

Sabbioni

2017

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Arylamines and nitroarenes are intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, and plastics and are important environmental and occupational pollutants. N-Hydroxyarylamines are the toxic common intermediates of arylamines and nitroarenes. N-Hydroxyarylamines and their derivatives can form adducts with hemoglobin (Hb-adducts), albumin, DNA, and tissue proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Most of the arylamine Hb-adducts are labile and undergo hydrolysis in vitro, by mild acid or base, to form the arylamines. According to current knowledge of arylamine adduct-formation, the hydrolyzable fraction is derived from the reaction products of the arylnitroso derivatives that yield arylsulfinamide adducts with cysteine. Hb-adducts are markers for the bioavailability of N-hydroxyarylamines. Hb-adducts of arylamines and nitroarenes have been used for many biomonitoring studies for over 30 years. Hb-adducts reflect the exposure history of the last four months. Biomonitoring of urinary metabolites is a less invasive process than biomonitoring blood protein adducts, and urinary metabolites have served as short-lived biomarkers of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. However, in case of intermittent exposure, urinary metabolites may not be detected, and subjects may be misclassified as nonexposed. Arylamines and nitroarenes and/or their metabolites have been measured in urine, especially to monitor the exposure of workers. This review summarizes the results of human biomonitoring studies involving urinary metabolites and Hb-adducts of arylamines and nitroarenes. In addition, studies about the relationship between Hb-adducts and diseases are summarized.

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Biological monitoring of exposure to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline by determination of a urinary metabolite and a hemoglobin adduct.

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Exposure to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Alters the Physiology and Motor Function of Honeybees

Exposure to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Alters the Physiology and Motor Function of Honeybees

Percutaneous absorption of aromatic amines in rubber industry workers: impact of impaired skin and skin barrier creams

Hemoglobin Adducts and Urinary Metabolites of Arylamines and Nitroarenes

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